Science Publishing Group: International Journal of Philosophy: Table of Contents
<i>International Journal of Philosophy (IJP) </i> is a peer-reviewed open access journal published bimonthly in English-language, providing a forum for publishing articles and book reviews by international authors across the whole range of philosophical topics, but with special emphasis on Continental Philosophy, Analytic Philosophy, and East-West Comparative Philosophy. The readers of the journal will be kept abreast of the central issues and problems of contemporary analytic philosophy.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijp Science Publishing Group: International Journal of Philosophy: Table of Contents
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International Journal of Philosophy
International Journal of Philosophy
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Between Concept and Metaphor: Reviewing Nietzsche’s Doctrine of Truth
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For centuries, humankind accepts truth to be something static and global but Nietzsche has famously argued that truth is a metaphor and for that matter changeable and perennially evolving. As I hope to show here, this radical view has resulted out of Nietzsche’s meta-commentary on language and logic. The main purpose of this article is to examine the key points of Nietzsche’s arguments and the soundness of their conclusions, and thereby bring out their underlying critical intent.
For centuries, humankind accepts truth to be something static and global but Nietzsche has famously argued that truth is a metaphor and for that matter changeable and perennially evolving. As I hope to show here, this radical view has resulted out of Nietzsche’s meta-commentary on language and logic. The main purpose of this article is to examine the key points of Nietzsche’s arguments and the soundness of their conclusions, and thereby bring out their underlying critical intent.
Between Concept and Metaphor: Reviewing Nietzsche’s Doctrine of Truth
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20130101.12
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Altaf Hossain
Between Concept and Metaphor: Reviewing Nietzsche’s Doctrine of Truth
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2014-01-01
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20130101.12
© Science Publishing Group
A New Perceptual Activity Approach to Scientific Historiography
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Beginning from the second half of the ХХ century, the sociological approaches have been predominant in studying the issues concerning historiography of science; at the same time, the positions of rational philosophy have considerably weakened. The purpose of this article is to develop an alternative approach to the science historiography based on the assumption of perceptual activity. The active approach presupposes a close connection between the rational and the empirical cognitions that allows developing a new method of description of the scientific history. In the foundation of the approach being developed, there is an assumption about a certain perceptual expectation that plays an important role both in perception and rational interpretation of what has been observed. This new view on the relations between scientific theory and experiment allows revealing a larger variety of the occasions of such relations which turn out to be missed under other approaches to the history of science.
Beginning from the second half of the ХХ century, the sociological approaches have been predominant in studying the issues concerning historiography of science; at the same time, the positions of rational philosophy have considerably weakened. The purpose of this article is to develop an alternative approach to the science historiography based on the assumption of perceptual activity. The active approach presupposes a close connection between the rational and the empirical cognitions that allows developing a new method of description of the scientific history. In the foundation of the approach being developed, there is an assumption about a certain perceptual expectation that plays an important role both in perception and rational interpretation of what has been observed. This new view on the relations between scientific theory and experiment allows revealing a larger variety of the occasions of such relations which turn out to be missed under other approaches to the history of science.
A New Perceptual Activity Approach to Scientific Historiography
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20130101.13
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Anna Storozhuk
A New Perceptual Activity Approach to Scientific Historiography
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ijp.20130101.13
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© Science Publishing Group
Heidegger, Pride and National Socialism
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This article looks at the controversy surrounding Heidegger's National Socialism and asks the following question: was Heidegger a Nazi and if so, why did he not disavow it more vigorously after the war? This leads to an argument that Heidegger's pride led him to amend his work to dilute the consistencies of his work with National Socialism after the fact, in addition to allowing his work to remain obscure in meaning. He did the same with the rejection of transcendence, and for the same reasons: to do so would be to point out that his work, however radical, achieved less that he claimed for it. Heidegger’s story remains a cautionary tale for any intellectual who comes after him.
This article looks at the controversy surrounding Heidegger's National Socialism and asks the following question: was Heidegger a Nazi and if so, why did he not disavow it more vigorously after the war? This leads to an argument that Heidegger's pride led him to amend his work to dilute the consistencies of his work with National Socialism after the fact, in addition to allowing his work to remain obscure in meaning. He did the same with the rejection of transcendence, and for the same reasons: to do so would be to point out that his work, however radical, achieved less that he claimed for it. Heidegger’s story remains a cautionary tale for any intellectual who comes after him.
Heidegger, Pride and National Socialism
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20130101.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Laure Paquette
Heidegger, Pride and National Socialism
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2014-01-01
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20130101.11
© Science Publishing Group
Moral Dilemmas that Matter
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One question that has been at the center of a lively debate among moral philosophers in recent years is the issue of what constitutes a genuine moral dilemma. Informally, a moral dilemma is a situation in which an agent must decide between two (or more) competing courses of action open to her, each of which has compelling moral considerations in its favor. One problem that arises with this formula is that whether a given situation counts as genuinely dilemmatic depends not only on the particular moral principles that are undergirded by particular moral theories, but also on the way in which the ‘ought’ operator is to be understood. This paper focuses on the latter issue. In what follows, I examine several contemporary accounts of moral dilemmas, briefly delineating the main logical options regarding how the ‘ought’ operator is to be understood in the definition of a dilemma. After elaborating on these different readings of the deontic operator and comparing them, I argue that cases of moral conflict qualify as genuine dilemmas on only one particular reading. This finding has significant implications regarding how we should understand moral dilemmas and what kinds of cases, if any, should count as genuine dilemmas. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to clarify the notion of a genuine moral dilemma by making explicit possible and plausible meanings of the deontic operator. Only when this is done can various arguments for or against the existence of moral dilemmas be properly evaluated.
One question that has been at the center of a lively debate among moral philosophers in recent years is the issue of what constitutes a genuine moral dilemma. Informally, a moral dilemma is a situation in which an agent must decide between two (or more) competing courses of action open to her, each of which has compelling moral considerations in its favor. One problem that arises with this formula is that whether a given situation counts as genuinely dilemmatic depends not only on the particular moral principles that are undergirded by particular moral theories, but also on the way in which the ‘ought’ operator is to be understood. This paper focuses on the latter issue. In what follows, I examine several contemporary accounts of moral dilemmas, briefly delineating the main logical options regarding how the ‘ought’ operator is to be understood in the definition of a dilemma. After elaborating on these different readings of the deontic operator and comparing them, I argue that cases of moral conflict qualify as genuine dilemmas on only one particular reading. This finding has significant implications regarding how we should understand moral dilemmas and what kinds of cases, if any, should count as genuine dilemmas. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to clarify the notion of a genuine moral dilemma by making explicit possible and plausible meanings of the deontic operator. Only when this is done can various arguments for or against the existence of moral dilemmas be properly evaluated.
Moral Dilemmas that Matter
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20130102.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Kevin Kimble
Moral Dilemmas that Matter
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ijp.20130102.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20130102.11
© Science Publishing Group
Introduction of Pragmatism in Vietnam
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Pragmatism is a philosophical school of scientific trend in non-classical philosophical movement formed in late nineteenth century, flourished in early twentieth century. It is the most unique contribution of American thought to the philosophical treasure. This movement penetrated deeply into the American ideological, political, cultural, and social life and became "semi-official philosophy of American lifestyle". During the development process, pragmatism widely circulated in many countries around the world such as England, Italy, Austria, Germany, China, and Vietnam... Pragmatism had influence in Vietnam from about 1945, when a delegation from the University of Michigan arrived in Saigon to help reform the training program at the National Institute of Administration. From that time, Pragmatism was taught in the Institute. Together with educational process, Pragmatism was also spreaded through the establishment of national politics in southern Vietnam, and through lifestyle and activities of American soldiers. Until now pragmatism has had much influence on the social life of Vietnam. However, there has not been any research related to this problem, as no studies on the introduction and development of pragmatism in Vietnam. In this paper, we introduce the processes influence and stages of development pragmatism in Vietnam. This study will have a great theoretical significance.
Pragmatism is a philosophical school of scientific trend in non-classical philosophical movement formed in late nineteenth century, flourished in early twentieth century. It is the most unique contribution of American thought to the philosophical treasure. This movement penetrated deeply into the American ideological, political, cultural, and social life and became "semi-official philosophy of American lifestyle". During the development process, pragmatism widely circulated in many countries around the world such as England, Italy, Austria, Germany, China, and Vietnam... Pragmatism had influence in Vietnam from about 1945, when a delegation from the University of Michigan arrived in Saigon to help reform the training program at the National Institute of Administration. From that time, Pragmatism was taught in the Institute. Together with educational process, Pragmatism was also spreaded through the establishment of national politics in southern Vietnam, and through lifestyle and activities of American soldiers. Until now pragmatism has had much influence on the social life of Vietnam. However, there has not been any research related to this problem, as no studies on the introduction and development of pragmatism in Vietnam. In this paper, we introduce the processes influence and stages of development pragmatism in Vietnam. This study will have a great theoretical significance.
Introduction of Pragmatism in Vietnam
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20130103.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
PhuHop Mai
JunWu Yang
Introduction of Pragmatism in Vietnam
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2014-01-01
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20130103.11
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The Hegelian Critique of Kantian Antinomies: An Analysis Based on the Wissenchaft der Logik
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Our work aims to analyze Hegel's critique on the Kantian antinomies in his Wissenchaft de Logik. For Hegel, the metaphysics that presents the true nature of things is the metaphysics of contradiction. By identifying his Logic with this metaphysics, he intended to present in this work the immanent determinations to thought, hence the denomination logic of contradiction. On this account, he will impose corrections to Kantian antinomies, albeit he praises the initiative of the philosopher from Königsberg of turning his attention to the dialectics.
Our work aims to analyze Hegel's critique on the Kantian antinomies in his Wissenchaft de Logik. For Hegel, the metaphysics that presents the true nature of things is the metaphysics of contradiction. By identifying his Logic with this metaphysics, he intended to present in this work the immanent determinations to thought, hence the denomination logic of contradiction. On this account, he will impose corrections to Kantian antinomies, albeit he praises the initiative of the philosopher from Königsberg of turning his attention to the dialectics.
The Hegelian Critique of Kantian Antinomies: An Analysis Based on the Wissenchaft der Logik
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20130103.12
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Marcos Fábio Alexandre Nicolau
José Edmar Lima Filho
The Hegelian Critique of Kantian Antinomies: An Analysis Based on the Wissenchaft der Logik
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2014-01-01
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20130103.12
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Subject’s Rational Cognitive Activity in the Theory of Self-Organization and Epistemological Constructivism
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The author provides a comparative analysis of the approach to cognition in the theory of self-organization and radical constructivism from the position of synergy between man and nature. It is advanced the idea on the basis of radical constructivism representatives’ concepts by such authors as H. von Foerster, H. Maturana, F. Varela, N. Luhmann, F. Wallner that epistemological subject should be considered as a complex self-organizing object. Its cognitive activity takes place according to the logics of synergetic models. The author proves that cognition based on the constructive realism is the most appropriate to the modern stage of epistemology development as it cancels the opposition of constructivism and realism to some extent as the cognition process from synergetic point of view is an act of projective and constructive thinking which is open for further criticism.
The author provides a comparative analysis of the approach to cognition in the theory of self-organization and radical constructivism from the position of synergy between man and nature. It is advanced the idea on the basis of radical constructivism representatives’ concepts by such authors as H. von Foerster, H. Maturana, F. Varela, N. Luhmann, F. Wallner that epistemological subject should be considered as a complex self-organizing object. Its cognitive activity takes place according to the logics of synergetic models. The author proves that cognition based on the constructive realism is the most appropriate to the modern stage of epistemology development as it cancels the opposition of constructivism and realism to some extent as the cognition process from synergetic point of view is an act of projective and constructive thinking which is open for further criticism.
Subject’s Rational Cognitive Activity in the Theory of Self-Organization and Epistemological Constructivism
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20130104.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Naira Danielyan
Subject’s Rational Cognitive Activity in the Theory of Self-Organization and Epistemological Constructivism
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ijp.20130104.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20130104.11
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Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes as Pathfinders of Modern Science
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Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes, the first three earliest Ionian philosophers, flourished during the 6th century B.C. and became active in Miletus which was an Ionian colony in Asia Minor. These philosophers are traditionally regarded as the first Greek philosophers on record. They attempted to explain the origin and structure of the world in a rational manner. Thus, they were concerned with cosmology, that is, the scientific (empirical) investigation of the world and its development. It is obvious that philosophy amongst them began as an act of independent thought; and they must have recognised that anything magical, religious or mythical differs from a natural, rational or scientific explanation. Available records show that in their philosophical speculations, they took into account only what falls under sense perception. This explains why they are known as natural philosophers who engaged themselves with the study of nature. They also inquired into what single material element constitutes the substratum (ultimate stuff) of the world. It is on the basis of the attempts to provide a complete, simple, unified explanation of the various phenomena of the world that the outline of the methods and concepts of modern empirical science were first drawn. The aim of this paper is to examine the contributions of these philosophers (Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes) in order to justify them as exhibiting not only the temperament of science but also as constituting the foundation of modern science.
Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes, the first three earliest Ionian philosophers, flourished during the 6th century B.C. and became active in Miletus which was an Ionian colony in Asia Minor. These philosophers are traditionally regarded as the first Greek philosophers on record. They attempted to explain the origin and structure of the world in a rational manner. Thus, they were concerned with cosmology, that is, the scientific (empirical) investigation of the world and its development. It is obvious that philosophy amongst them began as an act of independent thought; and they must have recognised that anything magical, religious or mythical differs from a natural, rational or scientific explanation. Available records show that in their philosophical speculations, they took into account only what falls under sense perception. This explains why they are known as natural philosophers who engaged themselves with the study of nature. They also inquired into what single material element constitutes the substratum (ultimate stuff) of the world. It is on the basis of the attempts to provide a complete, simple, unified explanation of the various phenomena of the world that the outline of the methods and concepts of modern empirical science were first drawn. The aim of this paper is to examine the contributions of these philosophers (Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes) in order to justify them as exhibiting not only the temperament of science but also as constituting the foundation of modern science.
Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes as Pathfinders of Modern Science
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20130104.12
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Gabriel Ema Idang
Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes as Pathfinders of Modern Science
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ijp.20130104.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20130104.12
© Science Publishing Group
Is there Still a Role for Rationality in Human Affairs
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140201.12
In social science, the wider epistemological debates regarding polarizing perspectives of rationality (explanation through deterministic approach) and interpretive understanding (understanding through non-physical human mind) in explaining or making sense of lifeworld or social system have been critically examined in this paper. In doing so, this article explores Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action (rationality in socially depended situation) and psychological (strategic action) Game Theory (a deterministic model for rational choice) and, hence, identifies an intriguing link between instrumental/mechanistic and non-instrumental issues regarding rationality concept
In social science, the wider epistemological debates regarding polarizing perspectives of rationality (explanation through deterministic approach) and interpretive understanding (understanding through non-physical human mind) in explaining or making sense of lifeworld or social system have been critically examined in this paper. In doing so, this article explores Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action (rationality in socially depended situation) and psychological (strategic action) Game Theory (a deterministic model for rational choice) and, hence, identifies an intriguing link between instrumental/mechanistic and non-instrumental issues regarding rationality concept
Is there Still a Role for Rationality in Human Affairs
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20140201.12
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-04-11
© Science Publishing Group
Samiul Parvez Ahmed
Mohammed Tanvir Zubair Ahmed
Is there Still a Role for Rationality in Human Affairs
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2014-04-11
2014-04-11
10.11648/j.ijp.20140201.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140201.12
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Nature of Human Existence in Kierkegaard’s Ethical Philosophy: A Step towards Self-Valuation and Transformation in Our Contemporary World
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Man as an existent in the world, is an individual substance of a rational nature hence in his becomingness, his unique self-conscious actions are imperatives of what he becomes. Thus to take subjectivity from human nature and reduce it to abstract objectivity and systemization as Hegel did, is to relegate to a background the importance, uniqueness and individuality of the human person as a being in the world. Kierkegaard refutes Hegel’s objectivity with subjectivity and its analysis and relevance to understanding the nature of human existence for the singular purpose of self-valuation and transformation in our contemporary world, is the onus of this study. However, certain questions abound; what is subjectivity and human existence in Kierkegaard ethical philosophy? What life experiences influenced such understanding? To what extent does this enhance human understanding of existence? What implications does this propose in the scope of existentialism and ethics of human actions in our world today? With the critical analysis and hermeneutics method, the research examines Kierkegaard philosophy and concludes with the affirmation that to overcome the existential challenges of our contemporary world, man must constantly exclude himself from the crowd, engage in self-examination and value oriented commitment to purposeful living.
Man as an existent in the world, is an individual substance of a rational nature hence in his becomingness, his unique self-conscious actions are imperatives of what he becomes. Thus to take subjectivity from human nature and reduce it to abstract objectivity and systemization as Hegel did, is to relegate to a background the importance, uniqueness and individuality of the human person as a being in the world. Kierkegaard refutes Hegel’s objectivity with subjectivity and its analysis and relevance to understanding the nature of human existence for the singular purpose of self-valuation and transformation in our contemporary world, is the onus of this study. However, certain questions abound; what is subjectivity and human existence in Kierkegaard ethical philosophy? What life experiences influenced such understanding? To what extent does this enhance human understanding of existence? What implications does this propose in the scope of existentialism and ethics of human actions in our world today? With the critical analysis and hermeneutics method, the research examines Kierkegaard philosophy and concludes with the affirmation that to overcome the existential challenges of our contemporary world, man must constantly exclude himself from the crowd, engage in self-examination and value oriented commitment to purposeful living.
Nature of Human Existence in Kierkegaard’s Ethical Philosophy: A Step towards Self-Valuation and Transformation in Our Contemporary World
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20140201.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-04-08
© Science Publishing Group
Valentine Ehichioya Obinyan
Nature of Human Existence in Kierkegaard’s Ethical Philosophy: A Step towards Self-Valuation and Transformation in Our Contemporary World
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2014-04-08
2014-04-08
10.11648/j.ijp.20140201.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140201.11
© Science Publishing Group
Democratic Education in the Deweyan Perspective and the Challenges of African Development
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140202.11
The global community has come to live with the idea of formal education as a tool for political governance. With the upsurge of colonialism, the evolution of education varies from one country to another. Generally, Africans have taken little positive steps to promoting education for democratic governance as we experience slow pace of educational development due to the absence of proper enlightenment. Our aim is to analyze the concept of education and x-ray its connection to the political development of Africa. In the final analysis, we aver that while the political development of a people cannot be divorced from the nature of their educational system, our post colonial history shows that we barely remain at the level of mere speculation until our theories are responsibly put into effective use that produce results.
The global community has come to live with the idea of formal education as a tool for political governance. With the upsurge of colonialism, the evolution of education varies from one country to another. Generally, Africans have taken little positive steps to promoting education for democratic governance as we experience slow pace of educational development due to the absence of proper enlightenment. Our aim is to analyze the concept of education and x-ray its connection to the political development of Africa. In the final analysis, we aver that while the political development of a people cannot be divorced from the nature of their educational system, our post colonial history shows that we barely remain at the level of mere speculation until our theories are responsibly put into effective use that produce results.
Democratic Education in the Deweyan Perspective and the Challenges of African Development
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20140202.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-04-25
© Science Publishing Group
Isaiah Aduojo Negedu
Democratic Education in the Deweyan Perspective and the Challenges of African Development
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2014-04-25
2014-04-25
10.11648/j.ijp.20140202.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140202.11
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Procedural Invariants of Discovery Process
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The article reveals a synergistic approach to understanding of creativity. Possibility of applying Vernadsky’s ideas to interpret creativity is shown with the role and importance of his mental component. Shown discussion about the creativity process and possible requirements for its successful start. Described noosphere force from creativity point of view.
The article reveals a synergistic approach to understanding of creativity. Possibility of applying Vernadsky’s ideas to interpret creativity is shown with the role and importance of his mental component. Shown discussion about the creativity process and possible requirements for its successful start. Described noosphere force from creativity point of view.
Procedural Invariants of Discovery Process
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20140202.12
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-07-22
© Science Publishing Group
Georgy Morgunov
Procedural Invariants of Discovery Process
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2014-07-22
2014-07-22
10.11648/j.ijp.20140202.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140202.12
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The Problem of the Sign in Philosophy of Postmodernism
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Given article is devoted to the analysis of a problem of a sign essence in postmodernism philosophy on an example of Deleuze book "The logic of sense». Deleuze except the concepts accepted in a classical paradigm “denotation” and "meaning" enters one more concept of sense which does not merge with the proposition, nor with a state of affairs, designates which given offer. He leans on 4 element structure of a sign: expression, denotation, signification and sense. Deleuze uses this concept to challenge existing philosophical concepts of signification and to bypass the restrictions imposed by the representative theory of a sign.
Given article is devoted to the analysis of a problem of a sign essence in postmodernism philosophy on an example of Deleuze book "The logic of sense». Deleuze except the concepts accepted in a classical paradigm “denotation” and "meaning" enters one more concept of sense which does not merge with the proposition, nor with a state of affairs, designates which given offer. He leans on 4 element structure of a sign: expression, denotation, signification and sense. Deleuze uses this concept to challenge existing philosophical concepts of signification and to bypass the restrictions imposed by the representative theory of a sign.
The Problem of the Sign in Philosophy of Postmodernism
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20140203.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-08-01
© Science Publishing Group
Victor Novoselov
The Problem of the Sign in Philosophy of Postmodernism
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2014-08-01
2014-08-01
10.11648/j.ijp.20140203.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140203.11
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The Relevance of Kom Ethics to African Development
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140203.12
This paper uses the moral philosophy of the Kom people of the North West Region of Cameroon as a paradigm of an African moral thought. The paper hinges on the premise that contrary to some Western ethnographic categorization of Africans as primitive and bereft of the capacity for ratiocination and morality, the concept of good and evil, right and wrong, and virtue and vice, on which morality is embedded, are cultural universals. Kom ethics is essentially communitarian; it prizes interpersonal relations in an interdependent world. An action is right if it promotes the common good, and is wrong if it does not. In this paper I argue that the surest way to African development lies in a critical synthesis of African traditional and Western ethical values. No society which is said to be developed today has done so by completely jettisoning its own values. Development requires adaptation, borrowing and learning from others, and the filtering of values; it does not require the complete rejection of our cultural beliefs, values and practices. The predominant Western ethical values, utilitarianism and Kantianism, have been deficient in proffering solutions to Africa’s development problems. Utilitarianism and Kantianism emphasize respect for individual autonomy, thereby distancing persons from others, and discouraging solidarity with other members of the community. The West has a lot to learn from African indigenous cultures, if she can be open and tolerant as other cultures have been to Western culture because every culture is a borrower and lender.
This paper uses the moral philosophy of the Kom people of the North West Region of Cameroon as a paradigm of an African moral thought. The paper hinges on the premise that contrary to some Western ethnographic categorization of Africans as primitive and bereft of the capacity for ratiocination and morality, the concept of good and evil, right and wrong, and virtue and vice, on which morality is embedded, are cultural universals. Kom ethics is essentially communitarian; it prizes interpersonal relations in an interdependent world. An action is right if it promotes the common good, and is wrong if it does not. In this paper I argue that the surest way to African development lies in a critical synthesis of African traditional and Western ethical values. No society which is said to be developed today has done so by completely jettisoning its own values. Development requires adaptation, borrowing and learning from others, and the filtering of values; it does not require the complete rejection of our cultural beliefs, values and practices. The predominant Western ethical values, utilitarianism and Kantianism, have been deficient in proffering solutions to Africa’s development problems. Utilitarianism and Kantianism emphasize respect for individual autonomy, thereby distancing persons from others, and discouraging solidarity with other members of the community. The West has a lot to learn from African indigenous cultures, if she can be open and tolerant as other cultures have been to Western culture because every culture is a borrower and lender.
The Relevance of Kom Ethics to African Development
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20140203.12
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-08-19
© Science Publishing Group
Mbih Jerome Tosam
The Relevance of Kom Ethics to African Development
2
3
47
47
2014-08-19
2014-08-19
10.11648/j.ijp.20140203.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140203.12
© Science Publishing Group
Two Illustrations from South Korea and Some Reflections about the Public Administration Studies: Are We Granted to Pillory the Ethics or Social Justice
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140204.11
Amidst the ideology, efficiency and bitter contention of international economy, the importance of leadership or public administration had long been under-stressed as an avenue for any better solution. Nonetheless, within a changing mode of interaction in the global community, an increasing ethos for the kind of common basis of ethics or agreement, at least in the level of class administrators or noble citizenry including the academicians, business leaders, bureaucrats and so, could be congruent for the public good on the national and international plane. A rapid transformation for the informative society or sharing and humanity or social justice generally is seen to enable the possibility of new openness against the divergences from various reasons. Typically, I consider the public administration other than law, inter alia, could have strands to leap for any grand promise or for any cosmopolitan public value since it tends progressive and less ideological. At the core of ambition underlie the ethics of public administrators or their responsibility for the constituents and global public. The paper deals with two illustrative cases from the experience of South Korea which matters at the negative and positive concept of liberty. They will be investigated, empirically at some extent and in view of the ethics of congressmen and public officers. I, then, turn to explore the western theories and tenets often associated with their moral standard. Finally, the context could be revisited for the global scale of transformation expanded to cover the Orient and West.
Amidst the ideology, efficiency and bitter contention of international economy, the importance of leadership or public administration had long been under-stressed as an avenue for any better solution. Nonetheless, within a changing mode of interaction in the global community, an increasing ethos for the kind of common basis of ethics or agreement, at least in the level of class administrators or noble citizenry including the academicians, business leaders, bureaucrats and so, could be congruent for the public good on the national and international plane. A rapid transformation for the informative society or sharing and humanity or social justice generally is seen to enable the possibility of new openness against the divergences from various reasons. Typically, I consider the public administration other than law, inter alia, could have strands to leap for any grand promise or for any cosmopolitan public value since it tends progressive and less ideological. At the core of ambition underlie the ethics of public administrators or their responsibility for the constituents and global public. The paper deals with two illustrative cases from the experience of South Korea which matters at the negative and positive concept of liberty. They will be investigated, empirically at some extent and in view of the ethics of congressmen and public officers. I, then, turn to explore the western theories and tenets often associated with their moral standard. Finally, the context could be revisited for the global scale of transformation expanded to cover the Orient and West.
Two Illustrations from South Korea and Some Reflections about the Public Administration Studies: Are We Granted to Pillory the Ethics or Social Justice
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20140204.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-09-01
© Science Publishing Group
Kiyoung Kim
Two Illustrations from South Korea and Some Reflections about the Public Administration Studies: Are We Granted to Pillory the Ethics or Social Justice
2
4
59
59
2014-09-01
2014-09-01
10.11648/j.ijp.20140204.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140204.11
© Science Publishing Group
On Perception and Some Consequences: The World, the Brain and Infinity
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140205.11
This paper presents a new type of perception that consists of adding something to the sensory data that is not present in any of the brain states or in sensory data of the past or present, not even implicitly. This capacity to create structural novelty, which is called ‘completion’ done by the open brain, is the key to resolving many epistemological problems (paradoxes of knowledge). Combined with real infinity in the world, it gives, together with incommensurability and intentionality, a clear account of objectivity, conceptualization, free will and other problematic issues. We call this ‘objective multi-relativism,’ allowing several incommensurable truths referring to an identical invariance in reality. Finally, good faith and bad faith are introduced as epistemological principles, which are the driving forces that allow us to agree or not on something incommensurable. This is not a theory of knowledge but just a logical study of what would happen to the above issues if the different considered forms of infinity were the case.
This paper presents a new type of perception that consists of adding something to the sensory data that is not present in any of the brain states or in sensory data of the past or present, not even implicitly. This capacity to create structural novelty, which is called ‘completion’ done by the open brain, is the key to resolving many epistemological problems (paradoxes of knowledge). Combined with real infinity in the world, it gives, together with incommensurability and intentionality, a clear account of objectivity, conceptualization, free will and other problematic issues. We call this ‘objective multi-relativism,’ allowing several incommensurable truths referring to an identical invariance in reality. Finally, good faith and bad faith are introduced as epistemological principles, which are the driving forces that allow us to agree or not on something incommensurable. This is not a theory of knowledge but just a logical study of what would happen to the above issues if the different considered forms of infinity were the case.
On Perception and Some Consequences: The World, the Brain and Infinity
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20140205.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-11-29
© Science Publishing Group
Alfred Abächerli
On Perception and Some Consequences: The World, the Brain and Infinity
2
5
71
71
2014-11-29
2014-11-29
10.11648/j.ijp.20140205.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140205.11
© Science Publishing Group
On Pragmatism, Life, and Evolution
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140206.11
Positive epistemology represents processes as happenings, random as the case may be. Yet process proceeds rather than happens, which implies a drive (potentiation) under it. Potentiation cannot be random but is created by work (effort), either on the thing or by the thing on itself, making it a living thing. Life drive is an ectropic effort whereas death drive is entropic. Life carries with it a lot of dead mass, thereby the regularities of death drive are not entirely alien to it, but mitigated and eventually surmounted through evolution. ‘Pragmatic’ existential philosophy as well as ‘pragmatic’ epistemology confuses life drive with death drive which is scarcely pragmatic.
Positive epistemology represents processes as happenings, random as the case may be. Yet process proceeds rather than happens, which implies a drive (potentiation) under it. Potentiation cannot be random but is created by work (effort), either on the thing or by the thing on itself, making it a living thing. Life drive is an ectropic effort whereas death drive is entropic. Life carries with it a lot of dead mass, thereby the regularities of death drive are not entirely alien to it, but mitigated and eventually surmounted through evolution. ‘Pragmatic’ existential philosophy as well as ‘pragmatic’ epistemology confuses life drive with death drive which is scarcely pragmatic.
On Pragmatism, Life, and Evolution
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20140206.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
Valentin Krassilov
On Pragmatism, Life, and Evolution
2
6
79
79
2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.ijp.20140206.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20140206.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Ethical and Social Implications of Age-Cheating in Africa
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20150301.11
This paper examines the ethical and social implications of a particular form of corruption in Africa—age-cheating. Although age-cheating is a global issue, it has received very little academic attention from social philosophers. In this paper I argue that there exists an inextricable link between bad governance, economic hardship, and the collapse of moral values in most African countries. Using Cameroon as an example, I maintain that age-cheating is one of the several corrupt ways citizens in most post-colonial African states use as a way out of unemployment, chronic poverty, and political and economic deprivation. Also, age-cheating is common in African countries where the civil registration system is either archaic or completely inexistent. I argue for the view that a vibrant democratic culture would help to promote values like accountability, transparency, and the rule of law which may enhance governance and economic development as democracy promotes political and economic rights and freedoms. In this direction, I suggest that, in tandem with democracy, the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) may be helpful in improving transparency in the domain of civil registration in particular and state governance in general.
This paper examines the ethical and social implications of a particular form of corruption in Africa—age-cheating. Although age-cheating is a global issue, it has received very little academic attention from social philosophers. In this paper I argue that there exists an inextricable link between bad governance, economic hardship, and the collapse of moral values in most African countries. Using Cameroon as an example, I maintain that age-cheating is one of the several corrupt ways citizens in most post-colonial African states use as a way out of unemployment, chronic poverty, and political and economic deprivation. Also, age-cheating is common in African countries where the civil registration system is either archaic or completely inexistent. I argue for the view that a vibrant democratic culture would help to promote values like accountability, transparency, and the rule of law which may enhance governance and economic development as democracy promotes political and economic rights and freedoms. In this direction, I suggest that, in tandem with democracy, the new information and communication technologies (ICTs) may be helpful in improving transparency in the domain of civil registration in particular and state governance in general.
The Ethical and Social Implications of Age-Cheating in Africa
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20150301.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2015-02-03
© Science Publishing Group
Mbih Jerome Tosam
The Ethical and Social Implications of Age-Cheating in Africa
3
1
11
11
2015-02-03
2015-02-03
10.11648/j.ijp.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Scientific Evidence of the Buddhist Teaching’s Separation F Body and Mind When Humans and Animals Die
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20150302.11
This article proves that the postulate "the body and mind of humans and animals are seperated, when they die" has a theoretical proof, empirical testament and has its own unique interpretation. The Buddhist philosophy assumes that there are not-eternal and eternal universe and they have their own objects and phenomena. Actually, there is also a neutral universe and phenomena. We show, and make sure that there is also a neutral phenomena and universe, the hybrid mind and time that belongs to neutral universe. We take the Buddhist teachings in order to reduce suffering and improve rebirth and, and three levels of Enlightenment. Finally, due to the completion evidence of the Law of Karma as a whole, it has given the conclusion associated with the Law of Karma.
This article proves that the postulate "the body and mind of humans and animals are seperated, when they die" has a theoretical proof, empirical testament and has its own unique interpretation. The Buddhist philosophy assumes that there are not-eternal and eternal universe and they have their own objects and phenomena. Actually, there is also a neutral universe and phenomena. We show, and make sure that there is also a neutral phenomena and universe, the hybrid mind and time that belongs to neutral universe. We take the Buddhist teachings in order to reduce suffering and improve rebirth and, and three levels of Enlightenment. Finally, due to the completion evidence of the Law of Karma as a whole, it has given the conclusion associated with the Law of Karma.
The Scientific Evidence of the Buddhist Teaching’s Separation F Body and Mind When Humans and Animals Die
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20150302.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2015-07-03
© Science Publishing Group
Jargal Dorj
The Scientific Evidence of the Buddhist Teaching’s Separation F Body and Mind When Humans and Animals Die
3
2
23
23
2015-07-03
2015-07-03
10.11648/j.ijp.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group
‘Proairesis’, ‘Proairetic’ and ‘Aproairetic’: Synopsis of All the Passages Containing these Terms in the ‘Discourses’ and the ‘Manual’ of Epictetus
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20150303.11
In the last decades, the concepts of προαίρεσις (proairesis), προαιρετικὸν (proairetic) and ἀπροαίρετον (aproairetic) in the Stoic philosophy of Epictetus have aroused the interest, among others, of researchers like C. Cassanmagnago [1]; R. Dobbin [2-3], J. B. Gourinat [4], R. Kamtekar [5], R. Sorabji [6-7], R. S. Braicovich [8], K. Seddon [9] and A. A. Long [10]. The scope of this paper is to present a complete and as far as possible unequivocal picture of the subject. To this end I have produced a new translation and made a careful analysis of all the occurrences of the three terms in the works of Epictetus. The results I have reached show that the three concepts are perfectly clear in their meaning, without the need of translating them and with a simple transliteration from ancient Greek, as modern languages do not have an exact equivalent of such words.
In the last decades, the concepts of προαίρεσις (proairesis), προαιρετικὸν (proairetic) and ἀπροαίρετον (aproairetic) in the Stoic philosophy of Epictetus have aroused the interest, among others, of researchers like C. Cassanmagnago [1]; R. Dobbin [2-3], J. B. Gourinat [4], R. Kamtekar [5], R. Sorabji [6-7], R. S. Braicovich [8], K. Seddon [9] and A. A. Long [10]. The scope of this paper is to present a complete and as far as possible unequivocal picture of the subject. To this end I have produced a new translation and made a careful analysis of all the occurrences of the three terms in the works of Epictetus. The results I have reached show that the three concepts are perfectly clear in their meaning, without the need of translating them and with a simple transliteration from ancient Greek, as modern languages do not have an exact equivalent of such words.
‘Proairesis’, ‘Proairetic’ and ‘Aproairetic’: Synopsis of All the Passages Containing these Terms in the ‘Discourses’ and the ‘Manual’ of Epictetus
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20150303.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2015-07-05
© Science Publishing Group
Franco Scalenghe
‘Proairesis’, ‘Proairetic’ and ‘Aproairetic’: Synopsis of All the Passages Containing these Terms in the ‘Discourses’ and the ‘Manual’ of Epictetus
3
3
33
33
2015-07-05
2015-07-05
10.11648/j.ijp.20150303.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20150303.11
© Science Publishing Group
A Teacher and Researcher: A Scratch on the Science Community and Meaning of Evaluation with the Research Doctoral Programs Ranking
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20150304.11
The epistemology and phenomenology of contemporary society tend to be deepened, and the philosophical challenges never are minimal that we may be called to face with the kind of post-modern chaos from the rapidly changing phenomena of the global community. The ballast held on the identity of faculty members as a teacher and researcher now turns due so as to be recast with our intrinsic of routine performance. I considered their quality as bent on the intellectual strife on the method and the kind of attitude, say, evaluation and consultation. In this paper, the authors have presented some thought and implications that triangulated the triad, i.e., research methodology, program evaluation and consulting illustration on the college research program rankings. The author is hoped that the discourse can help the academicians to share the attribute of different methods as well as the dimension of evaluation and consulting, perhaps essentially related with their work role in terms of teaching and researching.
The epistemology and phenomenology of contemporary society tend to be deepened, and the philosophical challenges never are minimal that we may be called to face with the kind of post-modern chaos from the rapidly changing phenomena of the global community. The ballast held on the identity of faculty members as a teacher and researcher now turns due so as to be recast with our intrinsic of routine performance. I considered their quality as bent on the intellectual strife on the method and the kind of attitude, say, evaluation and consultation. In this paper, the authors have presented some thought and implications that triangulated the triad, i.e., research methodology, program evaluation and consulting illustration on the college research program rankings. The author is hoped that the discourse can help the academicians to share the attribute of different methods as well as the dimension of evaluation and consulting, perhaps essentially related with their work role in terms of teaching and researching.
A Teacher and Researcher: A Scratch on the Science Community and Meaning of Evaluation with the Research Doctoral Programs Ranking
doi:10.11648/j.ijp.20150304.11
International Journal of Philosophy
2015-09-08
© Science Publishing Group
Kiyoung Kim
Hyun-Meong Ju
Marium Khatun
A Teacher and Researcher: A Scratch on the Science Community and Meaning of Evaluation with the Research Doctoral Programs Ranking
3
4
46
46
2015-09-08
2015-09-08
10.11648/j.ijp.20150304.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=204&doi=10.11648/j.ijp.20150304.11
© Science Publishing Group