Science Publishing Group: American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine: Table of Contents
<i> American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (AJCEM) </i> provides a forum for the publication of scientific research and review articles. The journal publishes original full-length research papers in all areas related to experimental and preclinical studies, translational research, prospectively designed clinical trials, and epidemiological studies. It aims to promote and disseminate medical science knowledge to improve global health.
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ajcem Science Publishing Group: American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine: Table of Contents
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American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
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Toxicity Effects of Amlodipine on the Body Weight and Sperm Count in Adult Wistar Rats
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Amlodipine is one of the calcium channel blocker class of antihypertensive used in the treatment of hypertension. Amlodipine is widely used in Nigeria today as an antihypertensive although the side effect on health has been reported, based on researches done. This study was carried out to appraise the toxicity effects of Amlodipine on the body weight and sperm count in Adult Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups: group 1 was given normal saline while group 2 and 3 were administered with 0.052mg/g/BW and 0.104mg/g/BW of amlodipine respectively. Our preliminary observations showed that Amlodipine did not have any effect on the body weight but lead to a decrease in sperm count. These effects were totally different from the rats used in the control group and by these preliminary observations, toxic dose of Amlodipine has been shown to lead to infertility in rats.
Amlodipine is one of the calcium channel blocker class of antihypertensive used in the treatment of hypertension. Amlodipine is widely used in Nigeria today as an antihypertensive although the side effect on health has been reported, based on researches done. This study was carried out to appraise the toxicity effects of Amlodipine on the body weight and sperm count in Adult Wistar rats. The rats were divided into 3 groups: group 1 was given normal saline while group 2 and 3 were administered with 0.052mg/g/BW and 0.104mg/g/BW of amlodipine respectively. Our preliminary observations showed that Amlodipine did not have any effect on the body weight but lead to a decrease in sperm count. These effects were totally different from the rats used in the control group and by these preliminary observations, toxic dose of Amlodipine has been shown to lead to infertility in rats.
Toxicity Effects of Amlodipine on the Body Weight and Sperm Count in Adult Wistar Rats
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130101.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Huthman Ibrahim Oluwaseun
Ibrahim Bilikis
Huthman Adebukola Selimot
Otulana Jibril
Toxicity Effects of Amlodipine on the Body Weight and Sperm Count in Adult Wistar Rats
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© Science Publishing Group
Effect of Polyols P-5003-AC, P-373-2-20, P-294-2-35 on the Sanitary Regime of Water Reservoirs and Organoleptic Properties of Water in Connection with the Water Reservoirs Protection
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Xenobiotics effects on the organoleptic properties of water and sanitary regime of water reservoirs had been studied by estimation of their stability and transformation in aqueous medium. Limiting indicators was revealed for substantiation of threshold concentration for the purpose of development of hygiene regulations.
Xenobiotics effects on the organoleptic properties of water and sanitary regime of water reservoirs had been studied by estimation of their stability and transformation in aqueous medium. Limiting indicators was revealed for substantiation of threshold concentration for the purpose of development of hygiene regulations.
Effect of Polyols P-5003-AC, P-373-2-20, P-294-2-35 on the Sanitary Regime of Water Reservoirs and Organoleptic Properties of Water in Connection with the Water Reservoirs Protection
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130101.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Zhukov V.
Zaytseva O.
Rezunenko Y. K.
Telegin V.
Bondarenko M.
Knigavko V.
Effect of Polyols P-5003-AC, P-373-2-20, P-294-2-35 on the Sanitary Regime of Water Reservoirs and Organoleptic Properties of Water in Connection with the Water Reservoirs Protection
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20130101.13
© Science Publishing Group
Studying Group Behaviour: Cluster Randomized Clinical Trials
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Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are experiments in which clusters of persons, rather than the persons themselves, are randomized to receive one of the interventions being studied. The use of CRTs has been increasing in response to the attention being paid to pragmatic as opposed to explanatory clinical trials, comparative effectiveness research, and community health promotional activities. We describe and illustrate the use of CRTs in these and other applications. Special attention is paid to ethical challenges in the design of such studies, and to tools for facilitating the implementation of interventions found to be efficacious in the trial into everyday clinical practice or effective community-wide programs. We argue that while CRTs have many useful and valid applications, there can be times when their use should be precluded due to ethical constraints. Special vigilance is required in research carried out in developing countries, where villages often seem to be a natural choice for clusters, but considerations of ‘standard of care’ may lead to control villages receiving no care or services. Full-fledged randomized controlled trials are not required to show that people who are doing poorly because of living in squalid conditions without proper sanitation and health care will, in the absence of change, continue to do so.
Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are experiments in which clusters of persons, rather than the persons themselves, are randomized to receive one of the interventions being studied. The use of CRTs has been increasing in response to the attention being paid to pragmatic as opposed to explanatory clinical trials, comparative effectiveness research, and community health promotional activities. We describe and illustrate the use of CRTs in these and other applications. Special attention is paid to ethical challenges in the design of such studies, and to tools for facilitating the implementation of interventions found to be efficacious in the trial into everyday clinical practice or effective community-wide programs. We argue that while CRTs have many useful and valid applications, there can be times when their use should be precluded due to ethical constraints. Special vigilance is required in research carried out in developing countries, where villages often seem to be a natural choice for clusters, but considerations of ‘standard of care’ may lead to control villages receiving no care or services. Full-fledged randomized controlled trials are not required to show that people who are doing poorly because of living in squalid conditions without proper sanitation and health care will, in the absence of change, continue to do so.
Studying Group Behaviour: Cluster Randomized Clinical Trials
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130101.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Charles J. Kowalski
Adam J. Mrdjenovich
Studying Group Behaviour: Cluster Randomized Clinical Trials
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20130101.12
© Science Publishing Group
Clinical Aspects of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Extended Experience from Bangladesh
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Objectives: To assess the different clinical aspects of JIA patients as well as the disease activity status during follow-up period. This study also compared its findings with the previous baseline study done in our country. Methodology: A prospective observational study carried out in the department of pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the study period of January 2004 to December 2012. A total of 415 patients according to ILAR criteria were enrolled in the study. Patients who completed a 2 year follow-up period were assessed for disease activity status according to Wallace criteria. Data was collected in a predesigned questionnaire. Results: Among the 415 cases, M: F ratio was approximately 2:1. Age range of the patients was 14 months to 16 years. Highest number of patients were present in the age group 11-16 years (49%) followed by 6-10 years. The duration of illness was more than 12 months in the majority. Polyarticular RF negetive patients were most frequent (33%), followed by persistent oligo-arthritis (28 %). Among the patients who completed at least 2 years of follow-up, 68% achieved remission, of them 51% maintained remission and 16.3% had relapse. Conclusion: Late diagnosis with long duration of disease was still common. Clinical profile of this study was almost similar to our previous study but differed from western JIA cases mainly in term of sex, subtypes and duration of illness. Majority of the patients went into remission. Wrong diagnosis was gradually decreasing and it seems that awareness about JIA is gradually increasing among the medical professionals in our country.
Objectives: To assess the different clinical aspects of JIA patients as well as the disease activity status during follow-up period. This study also compared its findings with the previous baseline study done in our country. Methodology: A prospective observational study carried out in the department of pediatrics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the study period of January 2004 to December 2012. A total of 415 patients according to ILAR criteria were enrolled in the study. Patients who completed a 2 year follow-up period were assessed for disease activity status according to Wallace criteria. Data was collected in a predesigned questionnaire. Results: Among the 415 cases, M: F ratio was approximately 2:1. Age range of the patients was 14 months to 16 years. Highest number of patients were present in the age group 11-16 years (49%) followed by 6-10 years. The duration of illness was more than 12 months in the majority. Polyarticular RF negetive patients were most frequent (33%), followed by persistent oligo-arthritis (28 %). Among the patients who completed at least 2 years of follow-up, 68% achieved remission, of them 51% maintained remission and 16.3% had relapse. Conclusion: Late diagnosis with long duration of disease was still common. Clinical profile of this study was almost similar to our previous study but differed from western JIA cases mainly in term of sex, subtypes and duration of illness. Majority of the patients went into remission. Wrong diagnosis was gradually decreasing and it seems that awareness about JIA is gradually increasing among the medical professionals in our country.
Clinical Aspects of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Extended Experience from Bangladesh
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130101.14
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Shahana A Rahman
Mohammad Imnul Islam
Manik Kumar Talukder
Clinical Aspects of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Extended Experience from Bangladesh
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© Science Publishing Group
Composite Endpoints: Sometimes More than a Solely Economic Consideration
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Endpoints are response variables, or outcomes, that are measured during the course of a clinical trial. I consider endpoints that are either events (e.g., death) or the time to an occurrence of an event (e.g., time to disease progression). A composite endpoint (CEP) is an endpoint that consists of a number of component endpoints, and is considered to have occurred as soon as any one of its components occurs. For example if CEP = death + disease progression, the CEP is said to have occurred as soon as either the disease progresses or the patient dies. It is seen that one of the results of using a CEP is to increase the event rate; and this in turn can reduce the sample size or the time required to observe a specified number of events, thereby resulting in a speedier, less costly clinical trial. Many believe that the only reason CEPs are ever employed is to this end, viz., saving money. I argue that there may be other circumstances that suggest the use of CEPs – that the choice of the primary response variable should be driven by the question the trial is being designed to answer.
Endpoints are response variables, or outcomes, that are measured during the course of a clinical trial. I consider endpoints that are either events (e.g., death) or the time to an occurrence of an event (e.g., time to disease progression). A composite endpoint (CEP) is an endpoint that consists of a number of component endpoints, and is considered to have occurred as soon as any one of its components occurs. For example if CEP = death + disease progression, the CEP is said to have occurred as soon as either the disease progresses or the patient dies. It is seen that one of the results of using a CEP is to increase the event rate; and this in turn can reduce the sample size or the time required to observe a specified number of events, thereby resulting in a speedier, less costly clinical trial. Many believe that the only reason CEPs are ever employed is to this end, viz., saving money. I argue that there may be other circumstances that suggest the use of CEPs – that the choice of the primary response variable should be driven by the question the trial is being designed to answer.
Composite Endpoints: Sometimes More than a Solely Economic Consideration
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130101.15
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Charles J Kowalski
Composite Endpoints: Sometimes More than a Solely Economic Consideration
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© Science Publishing Group
Detection of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in Natural Cases of Bovine Abortion by PCR and Histopathology Assays
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Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), is considered to be the most common viral pathogen found in bovine. Bovine Herpesvirus 1(BHV-1) belongs to the genus of Varicellovirus and the family of Herpesviridae which contains three main gB, gC and gD genes. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between type of macroscopic lesions and bovine herpesvirus-1(BHV-1) infection; hence the aborted fetus specimens were initially prepared for PCR test. In this study, 23 of fetus samples, which were transferred to Veterinary Laboratories during 2009-2012, were assessed for BHV-1 with PCR in lung and spleen tissues and all of positive samples undergone histopathological study. The results indicated myocarditis and necrosis of cardiac tissue in 8 cases (42.1%), and 6 cases encompassed interstitial lymphocytic pneumonia (28.57%), whereas 5 cases revealed bronchopneumonia (23.8%) and in 8 cases (38.09%) severe interstitial edema was observed. In addition, the lesions may be associated with BHV-1, so that in brain tissue 9 cases (36 %) possessed encephalitis and necrosis, 8 cases (38.09%) indicated interstitial nephritis, 2 cases (9.52%) developed acute tubular necrosis, 2 cases (9.52%) revealed vacuolar degeneration inrenal tubular epithelium, 1 case had (4.76%) renal hemorrhage and in 3 cases (14.28%) renal autolysis was observable. In liver, 10 cases (47.61%) were affected to lymphocytic hepatitis, 5 cases (23.8%) possessed necrotic hepatitis, 6 cases (28.57%) of multifocal coagulative necrosis without inflammatory reaction and 3 cases (14.28%) with lymphocytic portal hepatitis were observed. In this assessment, 10 specimens (52.17%) of spleen tissues revealed necrosis and lymphatic tissues emptying and in 10 cases (100%) severe enteritis, which may be associated with IBR, were recorded. This study suggests based on lesions in several organs induced by IBR virus and real time PCR confirmation there is direct correlation between virus and lesions, and in order to obtain more reliable results of IBR infection the histopathological examination may be efficient.
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), the causative agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), is considered to be the most common viral pathogen found in bovine. Bovine Herpesvirus 1(BHV-1) belongs to the genus of Varicellovirus and the family of Herpesviridae which contains three main gB, gC and gD genes. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between type of macroscopic lesions and bovine herpesvirus-1(BHV-1) infection; hence the aborted fetus specimens were initially prepared for PCR test. In this study, 23 of fetus samples, which were transferred to Veterinary Laboratories during 2009-2012, were assessed for BHV-1 with PCR in lung and spleen tissues and all of positive samples undergone histopathological study. The results indicated myocarditis and necrosis of cardiac tissue in 8 cases (42.1%), and 6 cases encompassed interstitial lymphocytic pneumonia (28.57%), whereas 5 cases revealed bronchopneumonia (23.8%) and in 8 cases (38.09%) severe interstitial edema was observed. In addition, the lesions may be associated with BHV-1, so that in brain tissue 9 cases (36 %) possessed encephalitis and necrosis, 8 cases (38.09%) indicated interstitial nephritis, 2 cases (9.52%) developed acute tubular necrosis, 2 cases (9.52%) revealed vacuolar degeneration inrenal tubular epithelium, 1 case had (4.76%) renal hemorrhage and in 3 cases (14.28%) renal autolysis was observable. In liver, 10 cases (47.61%) were affected to lymphocytic hepatitis, 5 cases (23.8%) possessed necrotic hepatitis, 6 cases (28.57%) of multifocal coagulative necrosis without inflammatory reaction and 3 cases (14.28%) with lymphocytic portal hepatitis were observed. In this assessment, 10 specimens (52.17%) of spleen tissues revealed necrosis and lymphatic tissues emptying and in 10 cases (100%) severe enteritis, which may be associated with IBR, were recorded. This study suggests based on lesions in several organs induced by IBR virus and real time PCR confirmation there is direct correlation between virus and lesions, and in order to obtain more reliable results of IBR infection the histopathological examination may be efficient.
Detection of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in Natural Cases of Bovine Abortion by PCR and Histopathology Assays
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130102.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Farhang Sasani
Aida Vazirian
Javad Javanbakht
Mehdi Aghamohammd Hassan
Detection of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis in Natural Cases of Bovine Abortion by PCR and Histopathology Assays
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2014-01-01
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© Science Publishing Group
Analysis of Oxidative DNA Damage / Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Ovarian Cancer
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Although the role of oxidative stress in the process of carcinogenesis seems well known, the quantitative correlation between oxidative DNA damage and the degree of histological malignancy of a neoplasm has not yet been determined. In the present study we attempted to show the possible correlations by looking at the amounts of the basic oxidative stress markers 8-oxoGua (8-oxo-7.8-dihydroguanine) and 8-oxodG (8-oxo-7.8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine) excreted in the urine of patients. All the previously mentioned modifications were analyzed using techniques involving high performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical detection (HPLC/EC) or HPLC/gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). All patients (n=46) suffered from ovarian cancer and were divided into three groups: G1, G2, and G3, according to the degree of histological malignancy of the neoplasm. In the female patients whose neoplasms showed higher degrees of histological malignancy significantly higher median values of 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodG were found to be excreted in their urine. In the subgroup of patients with G3 feature, both these markers of oxidative stress were almost twice as high as in the subgroup with G1 feature. The results suggest that the oxidative stress in ovarian cancer patients as demonstrated by increased amounts of these modifications in urine may be typical not only for the affected tissue, but also for other tissues and even the whole organism. It is also possible that the accumulation of oxidative stress is proportional to the degree of histological malignancy and depends on histological diagnosis.
Although the role of oxidative stress in the process of carcinogenesis seems well known, the quantitative correlation between oxidative DNA damage and the degree of histological malignancy of a neoplasm has not yet been determined. In the present study we attempted to show the possible correlations by looking at the amounts of the basic oxidative stress markers 8-oxoGua (8-oxo-7.8-dihydroguanine) and 8-oxodG (8-oxo-7.8-dihydro-2’-deoxyguanosine) excreted in the urine of patients. All the previously mentioned modifications were analyzed using techniques involving high performance liquid chromatography/electrochemical detection (HPLC/EC) or HPLC/gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). All patients (n=46) suffered from ovarian cancer and were divided into three groups: G1, G2, and G3, according to the degree of histological malignancy of the neoplasm. In the female patients whose neoplasms showed higher degrees of histological malignancy significantly higher median values of 8-oxoGua and 8-oxodG were found to be excreted in their urine. In the subgroup of patients with G3 feature, both these markers of oxidative stress were almost twice as high as in the subgroup with G1 feature. The results suggest that the oxidative stress in ovarian cancer patients as demonstrated by increased amounts of these modifications in urine may be typical not only for the affected tissue, but also for other tissues and even the whole organism. It is also possible that the accumulation of oxidative stress is proportional to the degree of histological malignancy and depends on histological diagnosis.
Analysis of Oxidative DNA Damage / Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Ovarian Cancer
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130102.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Krzysztof Roszkowski
Analysis of Oxidative DNA Damage / Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Ovarian Cancer
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2014-01-01
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20130102.12
© Science Publishing Group
Steroid Regulatory Function at Different Professional Law-Enforcement Officer Groups in Dependence from Professional Load
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.11
At the present time occur a lot of political, ideological, religion, economic crises and other conflicts that lead to global changes of social sphere. The frequent cases of local armed conflict, terrorism act takes a considerable mobilization of economic and human resources. As a rule, the professional members of a police task force occupation for maintain securities are with extreme environments. The occupational hazard effect may evident by overstrain and depletion of functional regulatory mechanisms that provide the adaptation. The law-enforcement officers of Ministry of Home Affairs, aged 23-35 years were investigated. In according to professional occupation this one was divided in three groups: combatants that send on a mission to Caucasus for maintenance of law order; law-enforcement school students; policemen that maintain law order in territory without war conflict and never take part in combat mission. The blood serum steroid hormones (cortisol, testosterone, progesterone and estradiol) were determined. It was provided comparative analysis of means between groups: combatants before – after mission; combatant – students – policemen. Analyses of our results are shown that hormonal levels at all persons were in normal physiological limits. Together with it, significant differences of steroid serum hormonal means between comparative groups as for dependent samples well as for independent samples were revealed. The differences of endocrine system index (hormonal levels of steroid hormones) at different law-enforcement officer groups with intensive professional stress are reactions for adaptation of organism to extreme factors, probably. They provide optimal adaptive changes to response on environment stress.
At the present time occur a lot of political, ideological, religion, economic crises and other conflicts that lead to global changes of social sphere. The frequent cases of local armed conflict, terrorism act takes a considerable mobilization of economic and human resources. As a rule, the professional members of a police task force occupation for maintain securities are with extreme environments. The occupational hazard effect may evident by overstrain and depletion of functional regulatory mechanisms that provide the adaptation. The law-enforcement officers of Ministry of Home Affairs, aged 23-35 years were investigated. In according to professional occupation this one was divided in three groups: combatants that send on a mission to Caucasus for maintenance of law order; law-enforcement school students; policemen that maintain law order in territory without war conflict and never take part in combat mission. The blood serum steroid hormones (cortisol, testosterone, progesterone and estradiol) were determined. It was provided comparative analysis of means between groups: combatants before – after mission; combatant – students – policemen. Analyses of our results are shown that hormonal levels at all persons were in normal physiological limits. Together with it, significant differences of steroid serum hormonal means between comparative groups as for dependent samples well as for independent samples were revealed. The differences of endocrine system index (hormonal levels of steroid hormones) at different law-enforcement officer groups with intensive professional stress are reactions for adaptation of organism to extreme factors, probably. They provide optimal adaptive changes to response on environment stress.
Steroid Regulatory Function at Different Professional Law-Enforcement Officer Groups in Dependence from Professional Load
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Roman Victorovich Koubassov
Yury Evlampievich Barachevsky
Valery Valentinovich Lupachev
Elena Nikolaevna Sibileva
Steroid Regulatory Function at Different Professional Law-Enforcement Officer Groups in Dependence from Professional Load
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http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.11
© Science Publishing Group
About Surgical Tactics in Damages of the Thoracic and Lumbar Parts of the Spine
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In the overall structure of spinal injuries in adults vertebro-spinal injury ranges from 2.2% to 20.6%. When fractures of the spine are complicated by neurological disorders, most commonly lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae - 39.2% and 48.5% are injured respectively. 45 patients with damage to the thoracic and lumbar spine, admitted to the neurosurgical department of RCSUMA. The main method of preparation of the combined graft is performed in the following manner: Bone graft is taken from the iliac crest and wings of the fibula of the patient, depending on the size of the vertebra. Next, the graft is cleaned of soft tissues and placed in a glass, which contains 3% of hydrogen peroxide, then in a second glass with a solution of broad-spectrum antibiotic for 5-10 minutes. To improve and strengthen support ability of bone graft, a hole is formed in the middle of the graft with the drill, which is then filled with bone cement. Bone cement is dissolved before use with a special solvent and liquid form is introduced with a syringe through the hole formed in the bone graft. The bone cement hardens within the bone hole and thereby enhances support ability of the transplant. To increase the coupling properties of the graft a few teeth are formed at its ends. The resulting clinical and neurological findings in these patients showed that after a comprehensive operative and conservative treatment 31 (68.9%) patients had positive neurological symptoms, increased sensitivity below the level of damage, and also the growth of the movement in the distal extremities was noted improvement of function of the pelvic organs in the form of urination. But despite undertaken complex therapeutic measures in 14 (31.1%) patients is not a marked improvement in neurological performance was not noted during treatment. The dynamics of neurological disorders after surgical treatment showed that in complicated injuries of the body of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae combined graft provides sufficient support ability of the spine and thus creates the conditions necessary to restore the function of damaged spinal cord and its elements
In the overall structure of spinal injuries in adults vertebro-spinal injury ranges from 2.2% to 20.6%. When fractures of the spine are complicated by neurological disorders, most commonly lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae - 39.2% and 48.5% are injured respectively. 45 patients with damage to the thoracic and lumbar spine, admitted to the neurosurgical department of RCSUMA. The main method of preparation of the combined graft is performed in the following manner: Bone graft is taken from the iliac crest and wings of the fibula of the patient, depending on the size of the vertebra. Next, the graft is cleaned of soft tissues and placed in a glass, which contains 3% of hydrogen peroxide, then in a second glass with a solution of broad-spectrum antibiotic for 5-10 minutes. To improve and strengthen support ability of bone graft, a hole is formed in the middle of the graft with the drill, which is then filled with bone cement. Bone cement is dissolved before use with a special solvent and liquid form is introduced with a syringe through the hole formed in the bone graft. The bone cement hardens within the bone hole and thereby enhances support ability of the transplant. To increase the coupling properties of the graft a few teeth are formed at its ends. The resulting clinical and neurological findings in these patients showed that after a comprehensive operative and conservative treatment 31 (68.9%) patients had positive neurological symptoms, increased sensitivity below the level of damage, and also the growth of the movement in the distal extremities was noted improvement of function of the pelvic organs in the form of urination. But despite undertaken complex therapeutic measures in 14 (31.1%) patients is not a marked improvement in neurological performance was not noted during treatment. The dynamics of neurological disorders after surgical treatment showed that in complicated injuries of the body of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae combined graft provides sufficient support ability of the spine and thus creates the conditions necessary to restore the function of damaged spinal cord and its elements
About Surgical Tactics in Damages of the Thoracic and Lumbar Parts of the Spine
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Yuldashev S. S.
About Surgical Tactics in Damages of the Thoracic and Lumbar Parts of the Spine
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© Science Publishing Group
Prevalence of Abnormal Hemoglobin in Gendarmerie Barracks in Abidjan, Cote D’Ivoire
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.14
In Ivory Coast, Sickle cell disease is a public health problem. Approximately, there are 98,000 blood donors annually to the national blood transfusion center. Among these, some holders of abnormal hemoglobins are often diagnosed. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abnormal hemoglobins during a mass balance for the integration into an army corps those are asymptomatic blood donors. This prospective and descriptive study took place in a gendarmerie barracks in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, from October 01, 2011 to December 31, 2011. All candidates for inclusion in the corps army, aged 18 to 25 years, ivorian, from all regions of the Ivory Coast, were included in the study.EDTA tubes for Celluloseacetate electrophoresisat alkaline pHandblood count and dry tube for biochemical and virological testswere taken during donations. A total of 9526 were enrolled in this study. The median age of our patients with abnormal hemoglobins was 23 years with extremes of 18 and 25. The overall prevalence of abnormal hemoglobins was 15.07%. The prevalence was 9.54%, forHbS5,6 % for HbC and 0.052% for beta-thalassemia profile.The heterozygous AS (61.56%) and AC (35.38%), predominated. We noted 25 cases of sickle cell disease, including 14 major cases (0.97%) of homozygous SS and 11 cases (0.77%) of double heterozygous SC. We also noted 14 cases (0.97%) for CC homozygotes. The beta-thalassemia profile was weakly present in 0.35%.This study ofasymptomatic adults population, confirmed the high prevalence of HbS in Ivory Coast and the lack of a national program to fight against sickle cell disease. This should motivate the introduction of screening for abnormal hemoglobins to all the blood donors in Côte d’Ivoire
In Ivory Coast, Sickle cell disease is a public health problem. Approximately, there are 98,000 blood donors annually to the national blood transfusion center. Among these, some holders of abnormal hemoglobins are often diagnosed. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of abnormal hemoglobins during a mass balance for the integration into an army corps those are asymptomatic blood donors. This prospective and descriptive study took place in a gendarmerie barracks in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, from October 01, 2011 to December 31, 2011. All candidates for inclusion in the corps army, aged 18 to 25 years, ivorian, from all regions of the Ivory Coast, were included in the study.EDTA tubes for Celluloseacetate electrophoresisat alkaline pHandblood count and dry tube for biochemical and virological testswere taken during donations. A total of 9526 were enrolled in this study. The median age of our patients with abnormal hemoglobins was 23 years with extremes of 18 and 25. The overall prevalence of abnormal hemoglobins was 15.07%. The prevalence was 9.54%, forHbS5,6 % for HbC and 0.052% for beta-thalassemia profile.The heterozygous AS (61.56%) and AC (35.38%), predominated. We noted 25 cases of sickle cell disease, including 14 major cases (0.97%) of homozygous SS and 11 cases (0.77%) of double heterozygous SC. We also noted 14 cases (0.97%) for CC homozygotes. The beta-thalassemia profile was weakly present in 0.35%.This study ofasymptomatic adults population, confirmed the high prevalence of HbS in Ivory Coast and the lack of a national program to fight against sickle cell disease. This should motivate the introduction of screening for abnormal hemoglobins to all the blood donors in Côte d’Ivoire
Prevalence of Abnormal Hemoglobin in Gendarmerie Barracks in Abidjan, Cote D’Ivoire
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.14
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Sekongo Y. M.
Kouamenan S.
Siransy B. L.
Ouattara B.
Konan S.
Dembele B.
Tolo D.A.
Hyda J.
Kabore S.
Konate S.
Prevalence of Abnormal Hemoglobin in Gendarmerie Barracks in Abidjan, Cote D’Ivoire
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2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.14
© Science Publishing Group
Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13
Profuse epidemiological evidence supports a higher risk for coronary heart disease and stroke in smoker women than in men with the same habit. Although it is already known that cigarette smoking alters the redox state, is unknown if the imbalance in the normal equilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants is responsible for the elevated female susceptibility. Therefore, the aim of this work was to estimate the effect of smoking on serum redox status in women compared with men, accounting for divergences in other major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, and serum carbonyls were assessed in 116 healthy Uruguayans, composed by 50 females and 66 males. The smoking habit was declared by 17 females (34 %) and 36 males (54 %). The lipid profile was modified by cigarette smoking, affecting in a different way males and females. In particular, HDL-C that was higher in non-smoker females (59 (28) mg/dL) than in non-smoker males (46 (14) mg/dL) significantly decreased in smoker females (51 (13) mg/dL), remaining unchanged in the smoker male population (42 (12) mg/dL). Conversely LDL-C, which gave similar values for non-smoker females (110.1 ± 35.2 mg/dL) and males (98.5 ± 36.0 mg/dL), increased exclusively in smoker males (122.2 ± 36.4 mg/dL, p<0.05). In turn, the level of serum antioxidants that was higher in non-smoker males (1.9 0.3 mM FRAP) than females (1.5 0.4 mM /FRAP), remained unchanged in smokers. Similar results were obtained for carbonyls, which showed higher levels in non-smoker males (0.90 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein) than females (0.74 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein), and while the level remained unmodified in smokers males (0.86 0.28 nmol/mg of protein) increased non-significantly in smoker females (0.79 0.31 nmol/mg of protein). Whereas the oxidation index correlated positively with LDL-C (r = 0.45) in smoker males, and with triglycerides in both non-smoker and smoker females(r = 0.42 and 0.79, respectively), a negative and intense correlation with HDL-C (r = -0.79), and a positive one with the LDL-C/HDL-C index (r = 0.87) was observed exclusively in smoker females. Our results point to an association at the molecular level between oxidative stress footprints and plasma lipoprotein/cholesterol concentration predominantly in smoker females, and support the concept that the higher sensitivity of women to smoking related cardiovascular pathology is associated with oxidants-mediated biomolecular insults.
Profuse epidemiological evidence supports a higher risk for coronary heart disease and stroke in smoker women than in men with the same habit. Although it is already known that cigarette smoking alters the redox state, is unknown if the imbalance in the normal equilibrium between oxidants and antioxidants is responsible for the elevated female susceptibility. Therefore, the aim of this work was to estimate the effect of smoking on serum redox status in women compared with men, accounting for divergences in other major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Lipid profile, antioxidant capacity, and serum carbonyls were assessed in 116 healthy Uruguayans, composed by 50 females and 66 males. The smoking habit was declared by 17 females (34 %) and 36 males (54 %). The lipid profile was modified by cigarette smoking, affecting in a different way males and females. In particular, HDL-C that was higher in non-smoker females (59 (28) mg/dL) than in non-smoker males (46 (14) mg/dL) significantly decreased in smoker females (51 (13) mg/dL), remaining unchanged in the smoker male population (42 (12) mg/dL). Conversely LDL-C, which gave similar values for non-smoker females (110.1 ± 35.2 mg/dL) and males (98.5 ± 36.0 mg/dL), increased exclusively in smoker males (122.2 ± 36.4 mg/dL, p<0.05). In turn, the level of serum antioxidants that was higher in non-smoker males (1.9 0.3 mM FRAP) than females (1.5 0.4 mM /FRAP), remained unchanged in smokers. Similar results were obtained for carbonyls, which showed higher levels in non-smoker males (0.90 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein) than females (0.74 ± 0.32 nmol/mg of protein), and while the level remained unmodified in smokers males (0.86 0.28 nmol/mg of protein) increased non-significantly in smoker females (0.79 0.31 nmol/mg of protein). Whereas the oxidation index correlated positively with LDL-C (r = 0.45) in smoker males, and with triglycerides in both non-smoker and smoker females(r = 0.42 and 0.79, respectively), a negative and intense correlation with HDL-C (r = -0.79), and a positive one with the LDL-C/HDL-C index (r = 0.87) was observed exclusively in smoker females. Our results point to an association at the molecular level between oxidative stress footprints and plasma lipoprotein/cholesterol concentration predominantly in smoker females, and support the concept that the higher sensitivity of women to smoking related cardiovascular pathology is associated with oxidants-mediated biomolecular insults.
Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Laura Celano
Anabel Vidal
Alicia Olascoaga
Walter Alallon
Ana Denicola
Leonor Thomson
Asymmetric Redox Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Smoker Women and Men
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20130103.13
© Science Publishing Group
Experimental Study Detection of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in the Brown Adipose Tissue
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140201.12
Brown adipose tissues (BAT) have special active functions including thermogenesis, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties. Researchers have shown the immune roles of BAT in relation immune depression in deep hypothermia and lymphocyte accumulation in the spleen as detected in adipectomized rats. In this study we aimed to clarify immune functions of hibernating marmot BAT which continue to be used in pancreatitis treatment in Mongolia. In this study, 10 marmots were selected. The subject pool was limited license are needed for marmot use. Disengaged BAT was located between subcapularis and serratus anterior muscles. It was inserted into 96% of alcohol and 10% formalin for fixation. Histology examination was used with standard protocol of hematoxylin and eosin staining protocol. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting method (Apogee Universal-50, England) was used to count the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the BAT of mice. The study selected BALB/c mode, 20 male mice 80-90 days-old. Marmots are not experimental animals therefore reagents of tissue cell count were limited. The BAT (marmot) histology observation showed connective tissue in the lobules reached by blood vessel branches and detected brown fat tissue surrounding follicle which included vessels with blood cells. Regarding tissue cell count results, the BAT detected a total of 24827/μL lymphocytes, which included 2056/μL (5.50%) CD4+ T cells and 991/μL (6.71%) CD8+ T cells, respectively. This study’s results suggest the brown fat is may be an immune organ as shown by the lymphoid tissue follicle and lymphocyte subsets in the BAT.
Brown adipose tissues (BAT) have special active functions including thermogenesis, anti-obesity, and anti-diabetic properties. Researchers have shown the immune roles of BAT in relation immune depression in deep hypothermia and lymphocyte accumulation in the spleen as detected in adipectomized rats. In this study we aimed to clarify immune functions of hibernating marmot BAT which continue to be used in pancreatitis treatment in Mongolia. In this study, 10 marmots were selected. The subject pool was limited license are needed for marmot use. Disengaged BAT was located between subcapularis and serratus anterior muscles. It was inserted into 96% of alcohol and 10% formalin for fixation. Histology examination was used with standard protocol of hematoxylin and eosin staining protocol. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting method (Apogee Universal-50, England) was used to count the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the BAT of mice. The study selected BALB/c mode, 20 male mice 80-90 days-old. Marmots are not experimental animals therefore reagents of tissue cell count were limited. The BAT (marmot) histology observation showed connective tissue in the lobules reached by blood vessel branches and detected brown fat tissue surrounding follicle which included vessels with blood cells. Regarding tissue cell count results, the BAT detected a total of 24827/μL lymphocytes, which included 2056/μL (5.50%) CD4+ T cells and 991/μL (6.71%) CD8+ T cells, respectively. This study’s results suggest the brown fat is may be an immune organ as shown by the lymphoid tissue follicle and lymphocyte subsets in the BAT.
Experimental Study Detection of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in the Brown Adipose Tissue
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140201.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
NYAMDORJ Dagdanbazar
DAGDANBAZAR Bodi
UURTUYA Shuumarjav
AMGALANBAATAR Dorjkhuu
MUNKHTULGA Lkhagvasuren
ENEBISH Sundui
Experimental Study Detection of CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells in the Brown Adipose Tissue
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8
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140201.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140201.12
© Science Publishing Group
Association of Acute Hepatitis a and Brucellosis in Two Cases
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140201.11
Several damage rate occurs in liver during acute infections according to the infection agent. The exposure of the patient to two different infection causes at the same time is another situation complicating the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Hepatitis A virus and brucella are two factors that are observed from the childhood in developing countries as ours and presenting different pattern. Serological tests are used to benefit from differential diagnosis. In this study, the cases of hepatitis A and brucella co-infection in spite of the different contamination ways has been presented.
Several damage rate occurs in liver during acute infections according to the infection agent. The exposure of the patient to two different infection causes at the same time is another situation complicating the diagnosis of infectious diseases. Hepatitis A virus and brucella are two factors that are observed from the childhood in developing countries as ours and presenting different pattern. Serological tests are used to benefit from differential diagnosis. In this study, the cases of hepatitis A and brucella co-infection in spite of the different contamination ways has been presented.
Association of Acute Hepatitis a and Brucellosis in Two Cases
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140201.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Mehmet Selçuk Bektaş
Fesih Aktar
Avni Kaya
Hayrettin Temel
Muhammed Akıl
Association of Acute Hepatitis a and Brucellosis in Two Cases
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3
3
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140201.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140201.11
© Science Publishing Group
Oxygen Ozone Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Integrative Approach
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.11
A pilot study has been performed on fifty COPD patients: besides using effective drugs, half of the patients have been treated also with major ozonated autohaemotherapy . This treatment has been evaluated during the last two decades and is absolutely atoxic: the treated patients have shown a significant improvement of the six minute walking test and Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire total score. Surprisingly their quality of life was also much improved. Orthodox medications appears to be greatly potentiated when integrated by the autologous infusion of ozonated blood. This combination deserves to be evaluated in an ample clinical trial.
A pilot study has been performed on fifty COPD patients: besides using effective drugs, half of the patients have been treated also with major ozonated autohaemotherapy . This treatment has been evaluated during the last two decades and is absolutely atoxic: the treated patients have shown a significant improvement of the six minute walking test and Saint George Respiratory Questionnaire total score. Surprisingly their quality of life was also much improved. Orthodox medications appears to be greatly potentiated when integrated by the autologous infusion of ozonated blood. This combination deserves to be evaluated in an ample clinical trial.
Oxygen Ozone Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Integrative Approach
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Emma Borrelli
Velio Bocci
Oxygen Ozone Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: An Integrative Approach
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13
13
2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.11
© Science Publishing Group
The Reproducibility of the Multiplex RAPD-PCR Assay in Genotyping of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates from Sulawesi, Indonesia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.12
Background: Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay has recently emerged as a genotyping method which is both robust and highly discriminatory for bacterial strain differentiation. However, RAPD assessment for Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTC) isolates is still limited. Despite its simplicity and rapidity, conventional RAPD also has low reproducibility due to its sensitivity to several factors. Therefore we studied the feasibility of an RAPD-PCR assay to define the genetic diversity of MTC isolates and to evaluate its reproducibility.Methods:493clinical MTC isolates from the island of Sulawesi in Eastern Indonesia, collected from 2005-2012were subjected to Multiplex RAPD assay using 11 random decamer primers instead of one primer which is common in conventional RAPD. All 11 primers were found to be differentiated and produced specific RAPD profiles. The polymorphic amplicons served as RAPD markers for MTC. The dendrograms, obtained by different primers, showed the discriminatory ability of the primers.Results:Multiplex RAPD-PCR results show that the majority of the isolates from South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi andCentral Sulawesiin eastern region of Indonesia belong to group MT-C (80.7%, 80.0% and 62.6 % respectively) with result reproducibility as high as 100%. Conclusion:Molecular typing with multiplex RAPD-PCR is a powerful approach to show the genetic heterogeneity of MTC isolates. The discrimination power and reproducibility of this multiple loci-based RAPD was higher than conventional fewer loci-targeted RAPD.
Background: Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay has recently emerged as a genotyping method which is both robust and highly discriminatory for bacterial strain differentiation. However, RAPD assessment for Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTC) isolates is still limited. Despite its simplicity and rapidity, conventional RAPD also has low reproducibility due to its sensitivity to several factors. Therefore we studied the feasibility of an RAPD-PCR assay to define the genetic diversity of MTC isolates and to evaluate its reproducibility.Methods:493clinical MTC isolates from the island of Sulawesi in Eastern Indonesia, collected from 2005-2012were subjected to Multiplex RAPD assay using 11 random decamer primers instead of one primer which is common in conventional RAPD. All 11 primers were found to be differentiated and produced specific RAPD profiles. The polymorphic amplicons served as RAPD markers for MTC. The dendrograms, obtained by different primers, showed the discriminatory ability of the primers.Results:Multiplex RAPD-PCR results show that the majority of the isolates from South Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi andCentral Sulawesiin eastern region of Indonesia belong to group MT-C (80.7%, 80.0% and 62.6 % respectively) with result reproducibility as high as 100%. Conclusion:Molecular typing with multiplex RAPD-PCR is a powerful approach to show the genetic heterogeneity of MTC isolates. The discrimination power and reproducibility of this multiple loci-based RAPD was higher than conventional fewer loci-targeted RAPD.
The Reproducibility of the Multiplex RAPD-PCR Assay in Genotyping of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates from Sulawesi, Indonesia
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-01-01
© Science Publishing Group
Mochammad Hatta
AndiRofian Sultan
Ressy Dwiyanti
Muhammad Sabir
Andini Febrianty
Ahmad Adhyka
Nur Indah Purnamasari
Muhammad Reza Primaguna
Juhri Saning
Yusriani Mangarengi
Munawir Muhammad
Nataniel Tandirogang
Yadi Yasir
Masyhudi Amir
The Reproducibility of the Multiplex RAPD-PCR Assay in Genotyping of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates from Sulawesi, Indonesia
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2014-01-01
2014-01-01
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.12
© Science Publishing Group
Role of Vagus Nerve in Gastroduodenal Adaptation and Cytoprotection
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.13
Objective: In this review we focused on understanding the cause-and-effect relationships of gastroduodenal pathology aiming to clarify the role of vagus nerve. Results: The spectrum of vagus nerve biological effects in gastroduodenal area is related to its numerous targets and a wide range of its receptors. A variety of vagus nerve effects are related to the broad expression of cholinergic receptors on the target cells: smooth muscle cells, covering and glandular epithelium of stomach and duodenum, myofibroblasts and mast cells, vascular endothelium, intramural ganglion neurons, endocrine cells, platelets and blood leukocytes. In this paper, we discussed the following issues: 1) role of sensory nerve endings in the vagal reflex regulation; 2) impact of gastrin and leptin on vagal afferentation; 3) targets of vagus efferent nerves; 4) the role of acetylcholine in regulation of functional activity of oxyntic cells; 5) relationship of vagus efferents with enteroendocrine cells; 6) the role of vagus nerve in realization of compensatory and adaptive reactions in gastroduodenal area. Conclusion: Vagus nerve is one of the key regulators of mucosal activity and blood supply, modulating adaptive reactions and maintaining the gastrointestinal barrier
Objective: In this review we focused on understanding the cause-and-effect relationships of gastroduodenal pathology aiming to clarify the role of vagus nerve. Results: The spectrum of vagus nerve biological effects in gastroduodenal area is related to its numerous targets and a wide range of its receptors. A variety of vagus nerve effects are related to the broad expression of cholinergic receptors on the target cells: smooth muscle cells, covering and glandular epithelium of stomach and duodenum, myofibroblasts and mast cells, vascular endothelium, intramural ganglion neurons, endocrine cells, platelets and blood leukocytes. In this paper, we discussed the following issues: 1) role of sensory nerve endings in the vagal reflex regulation; 2) impact of gastrin and leptin on vagal afferentation; 3) targets of vagus efferent nerves; 4) the role of acetylcholine in regulation of functional activity of oxyntic cells; 5) relationship of vagus efferents with enteroendocrine cells; 6) the role of vagus nerve in realization of compensatory and adaptive reactions in gastroduodenal area. Conclusion: Vagus nerve is one of the key regulators of mucosal activity and blood supply, modulating adaptive reactions and maintaining the gastrointestinal barrier
Role of Vagus Nerve in Gastroduodenal Adaptation and Cytoprotection
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-04-11
© Science Publishing Group
Oksana Sulaieva
Natalia Obraztsova
Role of Vagus Nerve in Gastroduodenal Adaptation and Cytoprotection
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27
2014-04-11
2014-04-11
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.13
© Science Publishing Group
Nephro-Protective Effects of Curcumin, Rosemary and Propolis against Gentamicin Induced Toxicity in Guinea Pigs: Morphological and Biochemical Study
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.14
The kidney is a common target for toxic xenobiotics due to its capacity to extract and concentrate toxic substances by highly specialized cells and also, due to its large blood flow. Objective: The present work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different natural materials (curcumin, rosemary and propolis) against the histological and also biochemical alterations of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in guinea pigs. Materials and methods: 48 guinea pigs were used for this study and divided into 8 groups. The first 4 groups were control groups, the 5th group was the experimental and administered gentamicin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body wt for 10 days, and in the 6th , 7th , and 8th groups, gentamicin was co-administered with curcumin, rosemary, and propolis at the doses of 200 mg, 220 mg, and 100 mg/kg body wt respectively. The animals were sacrificed and the kidneys were dissected and specimens were obtained. The specimens were processed for light microscopic examinations. Blood samples were obtained for assessment of urea, creatinine and uric acid levels. Results: In gentamicin treated animals, there were structural changes. The proximal convoluted tubules showed degenerated epithelial lining with disruption of their brush borders and presence of epithelial debris inside their lumens. The renal corpuscle appeared with degeneration of the glomerulus and disrupted Bowman's capsule. The afferent arteriole showed thickening in its wall and degeneration of endothelial lining with extensive perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells. Massive interstitial hemorrhage was seen. Also, the serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid were elevated. Co-administration of curcumin, rosemary, and propolis significantly improved the structural changes in the kidney and the blood urea, creatinine and uric acid were significantly declined. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the gentamicin has adverse effects on the kidney. Different natural materials as curcumin, rosemary, and propolis were able to protect the kidney against these effects. So, the patients should be advised to take one of these materials while they are treated by gentamicin.
The kidney is a common target for toxic xenobiotics due to its capacity to extract and concentrate toxic substances by highly specialized cells and also, due to its large blood flow. Objective: The present work aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different natural materials (curcumin, rosemary and propolis) against the histological and also biochemical alterations of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in guinea pigs. Materials and methods: 48 guinea pigs were used for this study and divided into 8 groups. The first 4 groups were control groups, the 5th group was the experimental and administered gentamicin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body wt for 10 days, and in the 6th , 7th , and 8th groups, gentamicin was co-administered with curcumin, rosemary, and propolis at the doses of 200 mg, 220 mg, and 100 mg/kg body wt respectively. The animals were sacrificed and the kidneys were dissected and specimens were obtained. The specimens were processed for light microscopic examinations. Blood samples were obtained for assessment of urea, creatinine and uric acid levels. Results: In gentamicin treated animals, there were structural changes. The proximal convoluted tubules showed degenerated epithelial lining with disruption of their brush borders and presence of epithelial debris inside their lumens. The renal corpuscle appeared with degeneration of the glomerulus and disrupted Bowman's capsule. The afferent arteriole showed thickening in its wall and degeneration of endothelial lining with extensive perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells. Massive interstitial hemorrhage was seen. Also, the serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid were elevated. Co-administration of curcumin, rosemary, and propolis significantly improved the structural changes in the kidney and the blood urea, creatinine and uric acid were significantly declined. Conclusion: It can be concluded that, the gentamicin has adverse effects on the kidney. Different natural materials as curcumin, rosemary, and propolis were able to protect the kidney against these effects. So, the patients should be advised to take one of these materials while they are treated by gentamicin.
Nephro-Protective Effects of Curcumin, Rosemary and Propolis against Gentamicin Induced Toxicity in Guinea Pigs: Morphological and Biochemical Study
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.14
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-04-18
© Science Publishing Group
Azab El Saied Azab
Fathy Ahmed Fetouh
Mohamed Omer Albasha
Nephro-Protective Effects of Curcumin, Rosemary and Propolis against Gentamicin Induced Toxicity in Guinea Pigs: Morphological and Biochemical Study
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2014-04-18
2014-04-18
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.14
© Science Publishing Group
Ovarian Conservation Versus Removal at the Time of Hysterectomy for Benign Gynecological Diseases
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.15
Hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases is a common surgical procedure. Prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy is often recommended concurrent with hysterectomy to decrease the risk of ovarian cancer. Oophorectomy before menopause leads to an abrupt decrease in endogenous estrogen and androgen production leading to different health problems. So women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases are presented with the choice of ovarian conservation or removal. The purpose of this review article is to summarize and critically evaluate the existing evidences regarding the impact of ovarian conservation versus removal on specific health issues of the individual. Information was collected by searching pub med for related studies, abstracts and articles. Studies have shown that benefits of elective oophorectomy also include reduction of breast cancer and development of residual ovary syndrome. On the other hand bilateral oophorectomy is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cognitive impairment, dementia, depression, anxiety and decreased sexual function. Estrogen was commonly prescribed after bilateral oophorectomy to treat menopausal symptoms. But recent studies have shown more harm than benefit in postmenopausal hormone therapy. So the decision making regarding elective oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy for benign indications has become complex. The approach to such decision will include counseling regarding risks and benefits of the procedure and shared decision making between the clinician and the patient. The beneficial effect on ovarian cancer must be weighed against the risks of ovarian hormone withdrawal.
Hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases is a common surgical procedure. Prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy is often recommended concurrent with hysterectomy to decrease the risk of ovarian cancer. Oophorectomy before menopause leads to an abrupt decrease in endogenous estrogen and androgen production leading to different health problems. So women undergoing hysterectomy for benign gynecological diseases are presented with the choice of ovarian conservation or removal. The purpose of this review article is to summarize and critically evaluate the existing evidences regarding the impact of ovarian conservation versus removal on specific health issues of the individual. Information was collected by searching pub med for related studies, abstracts and articles. Studies have shown that benefits of elective oophorectomy also include reduction of breast cancer and development of residual ovary syndrome. On the other hand bilateral oophorectomy is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cognitive impairment, dementia, depression, anxiety and decreased sexual function. Estrogen was commonly prescribed after bilateral oophorectomy to treat menopausal symptoms. But recent studies have shown more harm than benefit in postmenopausal hormone therapy. So the decision making regarding elective oophorectomy at the time of hysterectomy for benign indications has become complex. The approach to such decision will include counseling regarding risks and benefits of the procedure and shared decision making between the clinician and the patient. The beneficial effect on ovarian cancer must be weighed against the risks of ovarian hormone withdrawal.
Ovarian Conservation Versus Removal at the Time of Hysterectomy for Benign Gynecological Diseases
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.15
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-04-18
© Science Publishing Group
Tarafdar Runa Laila
Sheikh Salahuddin Ahmed
Khairun Nahar
Parveen Akhter Shamsunnahar
Sharmeen Mahmood
Saleha Begum Chowdhury
Ovarian Conservation Versus Removal at the Time of Hysterectomy for Benign Gynecological Diseases
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2014-04-18
2014-04-18
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140202.15
© Science Publishing Group
The Effects of the Application of Not-Stretchable Tapes before and after Scapular Stabilization Exercises in Patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.12
The aim of this study is comparing the effects of taping application before and after stabilization exercise on the level of pain and muscle activation in patients with myofascial pain syndrome. Group A (n=10) performed 30-min scapular stabilization exercise. Group B (n=10) performed 30-min scapular stabilization exercise with taping before therapy. Group C (n=10) was provided with taping therapy only after 30-min scapular stabilization exercise. Subjects were measured for pain on a visual analog scale and pressure pain threshold, and were tested for muscle activation on electromyogram. There were significant changes of the level of pain among three groups (p<0.05). Intergroup difference of PPT and VAS was bigger in taping applying group before stabilization exercise than other groups. There were significant changes of EMG on upper trapezius muscle among three groups (p<0.05). The intergroup difference of upper trapezius muscle activation was bigger in taping applying group before stabilization exercise than other groups (p<0.05). Taping application before stabilization exercise can be said to be effective at reducing the pain and preventing the over activity of upper trapezius muscle.
The aim of this study is comparing the effects of taping application before and after stabilization exercise on the level of pain and muscle activation in patients with myofascial pain syndrome. Group A (n=10) performed 30-min scapular stabilization exercise. Group B (n=10) performed 30-min scapular stabilization exercise with taping before therapy. Group C (n=10) was provided with taping therapy only after 30-min scapular stabilization exercise. Subjects were measured for pain on a visual analog scale and pressure pain threshold, and were tested for muscle activation on electromyogram. There were significant changes of the level of pain among three groups (p<0.05). Intergroup difference of PPT and VAS was bigger in taping applying group before stabilization exercise than other groups. There were significant changes of EMG on upper trapezius muscle among three groups (p<0.05). The intergroup difference of upper trapezius muscle activation was bigger in taping applying group before stabilization exercise than other groups (p<0.05). Taping application before stabilization exercise can be said to be effective at reducing the pain and preventing the over activity of upper trapezius muscle.
The Effects of the Application of Not-Stretchable Tapes before and after Scapular Stabilization Exercises in Patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-05-22
© Science Publishing Group
Jung-Ho Lee
Sang-Hun Jang
The Effects of the Application of Not-Stretchable Tapes before and after Scapular Stabilization Exercises in Patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome
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50
50
2014-05-22
2014-05-22
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.12
© Science Publishing Group
Immunomodulatory Effects of Vagus Nerve and Acetylcholine in Gastroduodenal Area
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.11
Objective: Neuroimmune interplay is one of the basic elements that determine mucosal health and disease. Continuing discussion of the vagus nerve in maintenance of homeostasis of gastroduodenal area, we aim to revise immunomodulating effects of acetylcholine. Results: Vagus nerve plays a major role in gut mucosa immunity due to cytoprotective properties and modulation of leukocytes activity. Stimulation of vagus nerve after mucosa damage is accompanied by cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that is realized directly through alfa7-nicotinergic cholinoreceptors on neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes, which activation causes decrease of NF-kB expression and TNF and IL-6 secretion. Indirect effect of acetylcholine through enteroendocrine cells regulation is quite important in determination of neuro-immune-endocrine interplay in gastroduodenal mucosa. In addition, the changes in vagus nerve activity and neurohumoral control of gastroduodenal area under antisecretory therapy of gastroduodenal diseases are deliberated in this review. Conclusion: Vagus nerve dysfunction is likely to be the main cause of gastroduodenal inflammation, dysregeneration and cancerogenesis.
Objective: Neuroimmune interplay is one of the basic elements that determine mucosal health and disease. Continuing discussion of the vagus nerve in maintenance of homeostasis of gastroduodenal area, we aim to revise immunomodulating effects of acetylcholine. Results: Vagus nerve plays a major role in gut mucosa immunity due to cytoprotective properties and modulation of leukocytes activity. Stimulation of vagus nerve after mucosa damage is accompanied by cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that is realized directly through alfa7-nicotinergic cholinoreceptors on neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes, which activation causes decrease of NF-kB expression and TNF and IL-6 secretion. Indirect effect of acetylcholine through enteroendocrine cells regulation is quite important in determination of neuro-immune-endocrine interplay in gastroduodenal mucosa. In addition, the changes in vagus nerve activity and neurohumoral control of gastroduodenal area under antisecretory therapy of gastroduodenal diseases are deliberated in this review. Conclusion: Vagus nerve dysfunction is likely to be the main cause of gastroduodenal inflammation, dysregeneration and cancerogenesis.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Vagus Nerve and Acetylcholine in Gastroduodenal Area
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-05-22
© Science Publishing Group
Oksana Sulaieva
Natalia Obraztsova
Immunomodulatory Effects of Vagus Nerve and Acetylcholine in Gastroduodenal Area
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2014-05-22
2014-05-22
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.11
© Science Publishing Group
In Vitro and in Vivo Anti Dermatophytes Activity of Lawsonia Inermis L. (Henna) Leaves against Ringworm and Its Etiological Agents
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.13
The study was carried out to identify the etiological agents causing ringworm, evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Lawsonia inermis L. In vitro study was carried out using agar dilution method. In a total of 50 clinical samples, 4 different species were identified namely; Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. However, the results showed that hexane extract exerted a strong antifungal activity against all the identified etiological agents, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 625µg/ml except Microsporum canis which resisted the minimum concentration but susceptible to the higher concentrations. The in vivo study was carried out using 15 naturally infected goats. First, second and third group of animals were treated with henna paste, aqueous and ethanolic extract respectively, fourth group were treated with clotrimazole as a positive control while negative control (fifth) group were left untreated with neither henna nor clotrimazole. The treatments were compared and the results showed that henna paste had the highest efficacy against all the types of ringworm tested compared to the remaining treatments. Disappearance of lesion and complete repair of the hair was observed at 30 days after treatment. Significantly similar result was observed in the group of animals treated with aqueous extract, ethanol extract, and clotrimazole in all the parameters. Significant different was only observed between groups treated and negative control.
The study was carried out to identify the etiological agents causing ringworm, evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of Lawsonia inermis L. In vitro study was carried out using agar dilution method. In a total of 50 clinical samples, 4 different species were identified namely; Microsporum canis, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. However, the results showed that hexane extract exerted a strong antifungal activity against all the identified etiological agents, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 625µg/ml except Microsporum canis which resisted the minimum concentration but susceptible to the higher concentrations. The in vivo study was carried out using 15 naturally infected goats. First, second and third group of animals were treated with henna paste, aqueous and ethanolic extract respectively, fourth group were treated with clotrimazole as a positive control while negative control (fifth) group were left untreated with neither henna nor clotrimazole. The treatments were compared and the results showed that henna paste had the highest efficacy against all the types of ringworm tested compared to the remaining treatments. Disappearance of lesion and complete repair of the hair was observed at 30 days after treatment. Significantly similar result was observed in the group of animals treated with aqueous extract, ethanol extract, and clotrimazole in all the parameters. Significant different was only observed between groups treated and negative control.
In Vitro and in Vivo Anti Dermatophytes Activity of Lawsonia Inermis L. (Henna) Leaves against Ringworm and Its Etiological Agents
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-05-27
© Science Publishing Group
Nasir Hassan Wagini
Mohamed Said Abbas
Amira Shawky Soliman
Yasser Adel Hanafy
El-Saady Mohamed Badawy
In Vitro and in Vivo Anti Dermatophytes Activity of Lawsonia Inermis L. (Henna) Leaves against Ringworm and Its Etiological Agents
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58
58
2014-05-27
2014-05-27
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140203.13
© Science Publishing Group
The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11
Objectives: In this study, our aim was to investigate the CA-IMT in clinical hypothyroidism(CH) and subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) and the effects of L-thyroxine replacement. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 20 patients with clinical hypothyroidism(CH group) and 20 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH group) and 20 patients with with normal thyroid hormone function tests (control group). Serum TSH, fasting glucose, lipid profile(total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride),HbA1c,insulin,HOMA and carotid intima media thickness(CA-IMT) of all subjects were measured at admission. Thereafter, all hypothyroid patients received L- thyroxine treatment. The previous tests were re-examined after achievement of euthyroidism for 6 months. The results of the tests before and after L- thyroxine treatment were compared. Results: The levels of TSH, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL for CH and SCH group were statistically different before and after treatment(p≤ 0.05). The levels of glucose, HDL,VLDL, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA for CH and SCH group were similar before and after treatment(p≥ 0.05). The difference of CA-IMT for both sides before and after treatment was statistically significant(p ≤0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that subjects with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism are characterized by an increment in the CA-IMT resulting from an adverse lipid profile, which can be reversed by thyroid hormone replacement. So, thyroid hormone replacement may be helpful to prevent or at least slow down atherosclerosis in hypothyroid subjects.
Objectives: In this study, our aim was to investigate the CA-IMT in clinical hypothyroidism(CH) and subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH) and the effects of L-thyroxine replacement. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 20 patients with clinical hypothyroidism(CH group) and 20 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism(SCH group) and 20 patients with with normal thyroid hormone function tests (control group). Serum TSH, fasting glucose, lipid profile(total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride),HbA1c,insulin,HOMA and carotid intima media thickness(CA-IMT) of all subjects were measured at admission. Thereafter, all hypothyroid patients received L- thyroxine treatment. The previous tests were re-examined after achievement of euthyroidism for 6 months. The results of the tests before and after L- thyroxine treatment were compared. Results: The levels of TSH, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL for CH and SCH group were statistically different before and after treatment(p≤ 0.05). The levels of glucose, HDL,VLDL, HbA1c, insulin and HOMA for CH and SCH group were similar before and after treatment(p≥ 0.05). The difference of CA-IMT for both sides before and after treatment was statistically significant(p ≤0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that subjects with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism are characterized by an increment in the CA-IMT resulting from an adverse lipid profile, which can be reversed by thyroid hormone replacement. So, thyroid hormone replacement may be helpful to prevent or at least slow down atherosclerosis in hypothyroid subjects.
The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-06-24
© Science Publishing Group
Ayşe Neslin Akkoca
Zeynep Tuğba Özdemir
Gül Soylu Özler
The Evaluation of Carotid Intima Thickness in Clinical and Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Effects of Thyroid Hormone Treatment
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63
63
2014-06-24
2014-06-24
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.11
© Science Publishing Group
Comparison of LPA1 and LPA2 Receptor Expression with Proliferative and Prognostic Factors in Endometroid Carcinomas and Endometrial Hyperplasias
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.12
Objective: In this study we aimed to evaluate the staining patterns of lysophosphatidic acid in endometrial carcinomas(EC) and endometrial hyperplasias(EH). Materials and Method: Sixty diagnostic cases were included in this study in order to evaluate the staining patterns of lysophosphatidic acid in EC and EH. EC was diagnosed in 20 of the cases, EH with atypia was present in 20 and EH without atypia was evident in 20 of the cases. Patients staged according to FİGO(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,2014). After performing the new sections on each of these cases, 55 routine Hematoxylin and eosin staining was repeated, sections of chosen diagnostic blocks were stained immune histologically with LPA1(Lysophosphatidic acid 1), LPA(Lysophosphatidic acid 2), MMP-2(Matrix metalloproteinase 2) and Ki-67 antibodies. Results: According to the data obtained, LPA1 showed most intense staining in cases with EH without atypia, however endometrioid type endometrial carcinoma (EEC) cases had the levels very close to this. Furthermore, it was found that there was a reverse correlation between LPA1 staining and histological grade in cases with EEC. It was noted that highest level of LPA2 staining was in cases that had EH with atypia where as lowest level was seen in cases with EEC cases. No relationship between LPA2 and the grade in cases with EEC. It was found that MMP-2 increased linearly with the histological grade in cases with EEC. Correlation tests done among LPA1, LPA2 and MMP-2 antibodies revealed moderate degree of relation only between LAP1 and MMP-2 scores in cases with EEC. No significant relation could be shown in correlation test done between LPA1 and LPA2 and Ki-67, a marker for proliferation index. Conclusion: When correlation of LPA1, LPA2 and MMP-2 H scores with stages of EEC cases was taken into account, the average LPA1 H score was higher in stage 1, while H score averages of LPA2 and MMP-2 H scores were higher in stage 2+3 tumors, however these differences were not statistically significant.
Objective: In this study we aimed to evaluate the staining patterns of lysophosphatidic acid in endometrial carcinomas(EC) and endometrial hyperplasias(EH). Materials and Method: Sixty diagnostic cases were included in this study in order to evaluate the staining patterns of lysophosphatidic acid in EC and EH. EC was diagnosed in 20 of the cases, EH with atypia was present in 20 and EH without atypia was evident in 20 of the cases. Patients staged according to FİGO(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,2014). After performing the new sections on each of these cases, 55 routine Hematoxylin and eosin staining was repeated, sections of chosen diagnostic blocks were stained immune histologically with LPA1(Lysophosphatidic acid 1), LPA(Lysophosphatidic acid 2), MMP-2(Matrix metalloproteinase 2) and Ki-67 antibodies. Results: According to the data obtained, LPA1 showed most intense staining in cases with EH without atypia, however endometrioid type endometrial carcinoma (EEC) cases had the levels very close to this. Furthermore, it was found that there was a reverse correlation between LPA1 staining and histological grade in cases with EEC. It was noted that highest level of LPA2 staining was in cases that had EH with atypia where as lowest level was seen in cases with EEC cases. No relationship between LPA2 and the grade in cases with EEC. It was found that MMP-2 increased linearly with the histological grade in cases with EEC. Correlation tests done among LPA1, LPA2 and MMP-2 antibodies revealed moderate degree of relation only between LAP1 and MMP-2 scores in cases with EEC. No significant relation could be shown in correlation test done between LPA1 and LPA2 and Ki-67, a marker for proliferation index. Conclusion: When correlation of LPA1, LPA2 and MMP-2 H scores with stages of EEC cases was taken into account, the average LPA1 H score was higher in stage 1, while H score averages of LPA2 and MMP-2 H scores were higher in stage 2+3 tumors, however these differences were not statistically significant.
Comparison of LPA1 and LPA2 Receptor Expression with Proliferative and Prognostic Factors in Endometroid Carcinomas and Endometrial Hyperplasias
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-07-07
© Science Publishing Group
Ayşegül Kaynar
Serdar Yanık
Ayşe Neslin Akkoca
Raziye Kurt
Ozan Turgut
Zeynep Tuba Özdemir
Nurdan Tatar
Ufuk Usta
Comparison of LPA1 and LPA2 Receptor Expression with Proliferative and Prognostic Factors in Endometroid Carcinomas and Endometrial Hyperplasias
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69
69
2014-07-07
2014-07-07
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.12
© Science Publishing Group
Isolation and Serological Evidences in Suspected Leptospirosis Cases in and Around Chennai
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.13
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection, which occurs mostly in persons venturing in aquatic environment, like farmers and sanitary workers. The objectives of the study were to isolate leptospires and to screen for leptospiral antibodies by MAT and IgM and IgG plate ELISAs to ascertain leptospirosis among suspected leptospirosis cases in and around Chennai. 198 cases of suspected leptospirosis cases attending government and private hospitals in Chennai, were included for this study. Blood samples collected in triplicate at an interval of 7 days from each case, were subjected to culture and leptospiral antibody detection by MAT and IgM and IgG plate ELISAs. The corresponding urine samples were screened for culture only. Out of the 198 cases, 118 (59.5%) were positive by MAT and 124 (62.6%) were positive by IgM and IgG plate ELISAs. Only two isolates of leptospira were possible, that too in urine only. One of the isolates belonged to serogroup Canicola and the other to Autumnalis. To conclude, leptospirosis is endemic in and around Chennai and so proper identification, diagnosis and treatment, apart from prophylactic measures are required.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic infection, which occurs mostly in persons venturing in aquatic environment, like farmers and sanitary workers. The objectives of the study were to isolate leptospires and to screen for leptospiral antibodies by MAT and IgM and IgG plate ELISAs to ascertain leptospirosis among suspected leptospirosis cases in and around Chennai. 198 cases of suspected leptospirosis cases attending government and private hospitals in Chennai, were included for this study. Blood samples collected in triplicate at an interval of 7 days from each case, were subjected to culture and leptospiral antibody detection by MAT and IgM and IgG plate ELISAs. The corresponding urine samples were screened for culture only. Out of the 198 cases, 118 (59.5%) were positive by MAT and 124 (62.6%) were positive by IgM and IgG plate ELISAs. Only two isolates of leptospira were possible, that too in urine only. One of the isolates belonged to serogroup Canicola and the other to Autumnalis. To conclude, leptospirosis is endemic in and around Chennai and so proper identification, diagnosis and treatment, apart from prophylactic measures are required.
Isolation and Serological Evidences in Suspected Leptospirosis Cases in and Around Chennai
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-07-14
© Science Publishing Group
L. Suresh Babu
Isolation and Serological Evidences in Suspected Leptospirosis Cases in and Around Chennai
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73
73
2014-07-14
2014-07-14
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.13
© Science Publishing Group
Assessment of the Success Rate of Conservative Adhesive Resin Restoration (CAR) in First Permanent Molar Teeth Treatment in Hamadan, Iran
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.14
Background & aim: Dental caries is one of the most common childhood diseases in the world. Pit and fissure caries constitute more than 80% of all caries in children and adolescents. Although occlusal surfaces account for only 12.5% of tooth surfaces, approximately 60% of dental caries are observed in these surfaces. Caries preventive methods include fluoride therapy, fissure sealant, and conservative adhesive restoration (CAR). Although CAR method has been increasingly applied for the prevention of dental caries progression, little research has been conducted so far. Despite the advantages of CAR method, this technique is time-consuming and uneconomical for the patient and health care system. In this study, we aimed to assess the one year success rate of CAR in caries prevention at Hamadan Dental School, Hamadan, Iran. Methods & Patients: In this cross-sectional study, the estimated sample size was 150 treated first permanent molar teeth. We examined variables such as CAR success or failure (retention and caries prevention), need for re-treatment, frequency of tooth brushing, previous history of fluoride therapy, Decayed-Missing-Filled Permanent Teeth (DMFT) index, decayed-missing filled deciduous teeth (dmft) index, dental visit, and current dental treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Fifty-seven patients were examined, among whom 24 (42%) were male and 33 were female (58 %). The age range of the subjects was 7-13 years. A total of 125 molar teeth were studied, of which 88 (70.4%) and 37 (29.6%) belonged to female and male subjects, respectively. According to the results, the association between CAR and the patient’s age was significant (P˂0.05); also, there was a significant difference in using fluoride and CAR success (P=0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant association between the patient’s age, use of fluoride mouth rinse, and treatment success rate. In addition, older cases showed better response to CAR.
Background & aim: Dental caries is one of the most common childhood diseases in the world. Pit and fissure caries constitute more than 80% of all caries in children and adolescents. Although occlusal surfaces account for only 12.5% of tooth surfaces, approximately 60% of dental caries are observed in these surfaces. Caries preventive methods include fluoride therapy, fissure sealant, and conservative adhesive restoration (CAR). Although CAR method has been increasingly applied for the prevention of dental caries progression, little research has been conducted so far. Despite the advantages of CAR method, this technique is time-consuming and uneconomical for the patient and health care system. In this study, we aimed to assess the one year success rate of CAR in caries prevention at Hamadan Dental School, Hamadan, Iran. Methods & Patients: In this cross-sectional study, the estimated sample size was 150 treated first permanent molar teeth. We examined variables such as CAR success or failure (retention and caries prevention), need for re-treatment, frequency of tooth brushing, previous history of fluoride therapy, Decayed-Missing-Filled Permanent Teeth (DMFT) index, decayed-missing filled deciduous teeth (dmft) index, dental visit, and current dental treatment. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: Fifty-seven patients were examined, among whom 24 (42%) were male and 33 were female (58 %). The age range of the subjects was 7-13 years. A total of 125 molar teeth were studied, of which 88 (70.4%) and 37 (29.6%) belonged to female and male subjects, respectively. According to the results, the association between CAR and the patient’s age was significant (P˂0.05); also, there was a significant difference in using fluoride and CAR success (P=0.001). Conclusion: There is a significant association between the patient’s age, use of fluoride mouth rinse, and treatment success rate. In addition, older cases showed better response to CAR.
Assessment of the Success Rate of Conservative Adhesive Resin Restoration (CAR) in First Permanent Molar Teeth Treatment in Hamadan, Iran
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.14
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-07-31
© Science Publishing Group
Rezvan Rafatjou
Mahshad Nikfar
SHokoufeh Nobahar
Mohammadfoad Amini
Seyed-Mostafa Hosseini-Zijoud
Assessment of the Success Rate of Conservative Adhesive Resin Restoration (CAR) in First Permanent Molar Teeth Treatment in Hamadan, Iran
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78
78
2014-07-31
2014-07-31
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.14
© Science Publishing Group
Pattern of Acute Poisoning in Al Majmaah Region, Saudi Arabia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.15
Background: Acute poisoning is a common situation in emergency departments all over the world. It may cause severe complications and death. Treatment of these cases requires great medical care and significant costs. There are many differences with respect to the pattern and cause of acute poisoning between geographical regions, even within the same country. Objective: This study was carried out to assess the pattern of acute poisoning with drugs, chemicals and natural toxins in both adults and children in Al Majmaah region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study was conducted at King Khaled Hospital in Al Majmaah region. The medical records of cases who were admitted due to acute poisoning from January 2009 to December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: This study included 591 acute poisoned cases presented to ED. There were 79.4% more than 12 years old and 20.6% under 12 years old. .Number of males with toxic exposure was 435 while that of females was 156. Animal envenomation contributed to most of these cases. Unfortunately, other data of these cases could not be followed as 422 cases were observed and discharged from ED. Of them 188 were observed, received no treatment and discharged from ED. The other 234 cases were treated and discharged from ED. The medical record of 169 cases who were admitted to pediatric and internal medicine department could be retrieved and studied completely. There were 5.6% infants, 74.4% between 1–6 years old, 20% between 6-12 years old, 15.2% between 12-18 years old, 83.5 between 18-60 years old and 1.3% more than 60 years old. Pharmaceutical drugs and household products were the main causes of poisoning in cases under 12 years old ( 84.4%) while, animal envenomation; mainly scorpion stings contributed to most cases over 12 years old (62%). Conclusion: Accidental poisoning is still a significant cause of morbidity. Regarding the high prevalence of pharmaceutical drug and household products poisoning in children, implementation of legislations to ban over the counter selling of medications and to sell potentially dangerous chemicals in childproof containers is recommended. Improving proper and complete medical record-keeping is also suggested for a better information access.
Background: Acute poisoning is a common situation in emergency departments all over the world. It may cause severe complications and death. Treatment of these cases requires great medical care and significant costs. There are many differences with respect to the pattern and cause of acute poisoning between geographical regions, even within the same country. Objective: This study was carried out to assess the pattern of acute poisoning with drugs, chemicals and natural toxins in both adults and children in Al Majmaah region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study was conducted at King Khaled Hospital in Al Majmaah region. The medical records of cases who were admitted due to acute poisoning from January 2009 to December 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: This study included 591 acute poisoned cases presented to ED. There were 79.4% more than 12 years old and 20.6% under 12 years old. .Number of males with toxic exposure was 435 while that of females was 156. Animal envenomation contributed to most of these cases. Unfortunately, other data of these cases could not be followed as 422 cases were observed and discharged from ED. Of them 188 were observed, received no treatment and discharged from ED. The other 234 cases were treated and discharged from ED. The medical record of 169 cases who were admitted to pediatric and internal medicine department could be retrieved and studied completely. There were 5.6% infants, 74.4% between 1–6 years old, 20% between 6-12 years old, 15.2% between 12-18 years old, 83.5 between 18-60 years old and 1.3% more than 60 years old. Pharmaceutical drugs and household products were the main causes of poisoning in cases under 12 years old ( 84.4%) while, animal envenomation; mainly scorpion stings contributed to most cases over 12 years old (62%). Conclusion: Accidental poisoning is still a significant cause of morbidity. Regarding the high prevalence of pharmaceutical drug and household products poisoning in children, implementation of legislations to ban over the counter selling of medications and to sell potentially dangerous chemicals in childproof containers is recommended. Improving proper and complete medical record-keeping is also suggested for a better information access.
Pattern of Acute Poisoning in Al Majmaah Region, Saudi Arabia
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.15
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-08-01
© Science Publishing Group
Zeinab Abd Elmohdy Abd-Elhaleem
Badar AbdulMohsen Al Muqhem
Pattern of Acute Poisoning in Al Majmaah Region, Saudi Arabia
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85
85
2014-08-01
2014-08-01
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.15
© Science Publishing Group
Tacrolimus in the Management of Large Facial Patch with Recurring Reversal Reaction: Outcome of a Pilot Clinical Trial Study on 5 Patients
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.16
Background: Inflamed large facial patch, being compromising the appearance and beauty of a patient, is a source of embarrassment and distress, and affects anti-leprosy drive adversely in many ways in the field situation. Its management with oral prednisolone alone, the mainstay of treatment for reversal reaction, proved disappointing. Objective: To see whether topical tacrolimus will be helpful in managing those patients. Methodology: We treated five adult patients with recurring reversal reaction in large facial patch with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment, twice daily and lower dose oral prednisolone for twelve months during March, 2012-February, 2013. Result: Complete remission was achieved in all cases. No side effects of whatsoever was seen in any patient. No recurrence of reaction is seen in any patient till to date. Conclusion: Tacrolimus ointment and lower dose prednisolone was found helpful in managing patients with recurring reversal reaction in large facial patch.
Background: Inflamed large facial patch, being compromising the appearance and beauty of a patient, is a source of embarrassment and distress, and affects anti-leprosy drive adversely in many ways in the field situation. Its management with oral prednisolone alone, the mainstay of treatment for reversal reaction, proved disappointing. Objective: To see whether topical tacrolimus will be helpful in managing those patients. Methodology: We treated five adult patients with recurring reversal reaction in large facial patch with tacrolimus 0.1% ointment, twice daily and lower dose oral prednisolone for twelve months during March, 2012-February, 2013. Result: Complete remission was achieved in all cases. No side effects of whatsoever was seen in any patient. No recurrence of reaction is seen in any patient till to date. Conclusion: Tacrolimus ointment and lower dose prednisolone was found helpful in managing patients with recurring reversal reaction in large facial patch.
Tacrolimus in the Management of Large Facial Patch with Recurring Reversal Reaction: Outcome of a Pilot Clinical Trial Study on 5 Patients
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.16
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-08-17
© Science Publishing Group
Delwar Hossain
Tacrolimus in the Management of Large Facial Patch with Recurring Reversal Reaction: Outcome of a Pilot Clinical Trial Study on 5 Patients
2
4
89
89
2014-08-17
2014-08-17
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140204.16
© Science Publishing Group
Changes in Inner Ear Structure and Function after Drill - Induced Acoustic Trauma
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.11
Background: drilling on the intact ossicular chain produce acoustic trauma resulting in inner ear structure damage, these changes occurred in organ of corti with disruption of cytoarchitecture and cellular degeneration. Objective: To evaluate the changes in inner ear structure and function after drill - induced acoustic trauma in guinea pigs by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Otoacoustic emission (OAE). Methods and Material: An experimental study conducted on healthy pigmented guinea pigs in Otolaryngology-Head and neck Surgery Department at Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results: Thirty guinea pigs were divided into a control group (N) to document the baseline Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) and the normal scanning electron microscopic (SEM) morphology of the inner ear, Drill induced acoustic trauma group (D) to evaluate the effect of induced sensorineural hearing loss using micromotor drill (20,000rpm) maximum speed against the body of incus and 2weeks postoperative group (2W) to evaluate to the effect of spontaneous recovery after 2 weeks from induced sensorineural hearing loss which showed spontaneous although incomplete recovery of the DPOAEs amplitudes and SEM morphology with scar tissue replacing the damaged outer hair cells. Conclusion: Avoid touching ossicular chain when using high speed drill during ear surgery as this may cause structural and functional damage to the inner ear. Spontaneous recovery could be occurs after acoustic trauma but incomplete recovery with permanent scar formation in outer hair cells may occur.
Background: drilling on the intact ossicular chain produce acoustic trauma resulting in inner ear structure damage, these changes occurred in organ of corti with disruption of cytoarchitecture and cellular degeneration. Objective: To evaluate the changes in inner ear structure and function after drill - induced acoustic trauma in guinea pigs by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Otoacoustic emission (OAE). Methods and Material: An experimental study conducted on healthy pigmented guinea pigs in Otolaryngology-Head and neck Surgery Department at Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results: Thirty guinea pigs were divided into a control group (N) to document the baseline Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) and the normal scanning electron microscopic (SEM) morphology of the inner ear, Drill induced acoustic trauma group (D) to evaluate the effect of induced sensorineural hearing loss using micromotor drill (20,000rpm) maximum speed against the body of incus and 2weeks postoperative group (2W) to evaluate to the effect of spontaneous recovery after 2 weeks from induced sensorineural hearing loss which showed spontaneous although incomplete recovery of the DPOAEs amplitudes and SEM morphology with scar tissue replacing the damaged outer hair cells. Conclusion: Avoid touching ossicular chain when using high speed drill during ear surgery as this may cause structural and functional damage to the inner ear. Spontaneous recovery could be occurs after acoustic trauma but incomplete recovery with permanent scar formation in outer hair cells may occur.
Changes in Inner Ear Structure and Function after Drill - Induced Acoustic Trauma
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-09-23
© Science Publishing Group
Fahd Alharbi
Mohammed Rifaat Ahmed
Changes in Inner Ear Structure and Function after Drill - Induced Acoustic Trauma
2
5
96
96
2014-09-23
2014-09-23
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.11
© Science Publishing Group
Sanitary Biosecurity Test against Hospital Acquired Fungal Infections: The Role of Hemolymph from the Cochineal Insect
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.12
Background: Fungal infections are significant risk factors for nosocomial infections. They are associated with environmental spores and they are potential colonizers in hospital infrastructure, instruments or specific vectors. Usually they are identified by means of microbiology and culture media for definitive diagnosis. The objective is to evaluate the usefulness of the application of a colorimetric assay that originates from an endemic insect in Mexico (Dactilopius Coccus costa); It implies a specific qualitative biochemical reaction. It is also available to be used as a quick field test in health control. Design: Prospective, transversal, descriptive, randomized sampling with control reference test. Methods: A transversal randomized sampling from surfaces, materials, solutions and organic-sanitary waste from different known risk areas in a hospital institution with a large number of patients. Samples were processed using the qualitative test, examined by colorimetric evaluations and compared with positive controls (zymosan and aspergillus spores). Results: Samples showed no evidence of fungal colonization, unlike controls, which resulted positive. The resulting sensitivity was 100%. Conclusions: First qualitative pilot test to be used in the health care field, which proved to be useful for the monitoring and timely detection of fungi of biomedical interest. The method is practical. This essay validates the potential use of a quick qualitative test for preventive control of fungal infections in hospitals.
Background: Fungal infections are significant risk factors for nosocomial infections. They are associated with environmental spores and they are potential colonizers in hospital infrastructure, instruments or specific vectors. Usually they are identified by means of microbiology and culture media for definitive diagnosis. The objective is to evaluate the usefulness of the application of a colorimetric assay that originates from an endemic insect in Mexico (Dactilopius Coccus costa); It implies a specific qualitative biochemical reaction. It is also available to be used as a quick field test in health control. Design: Prospective, transversal, descriptive, randomized sampling with control reference test. Methods: A transversal randomized sampling from surfaces, materials, solutions and organic-sanitary waste from different known risk areas in a hospital institution with a large number of patients. Samples were processed using the qualitative test, examined by colorimetric evaluations and compared with positive controls (zymosan and aspergillus spores). Results: Samples showed no evidence of fungal colonization, unlike controls, which resulted positive. The resulting sensitivity was 100%. Conclusions: First qualitative pilot test to be used in the health care field, which proved to be useful for the monitoring and timely detection of fungi of biomedical interest. The method is practical. This essay validates the potential use of a quick qualitative test for preventive control of fungal infections in hospitals.
Sanitary Biosecurity Test against Hospital Acquired Fungal Infections: The Role of Hemolymph from the Cochineal Insect
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-09-29
© Science Publishing Group
Fernando Garía-Gil De Muñoz
Ignacio Del Río-Dueñas
Rodrigo Ramos-Zúñiga
Fidel Hernández-Hernández
H. Raúl. Pérez-Gómez
Ana Macías-Ornelas
Ramiro López-Elizalde
Sanitary Biosecurity Test against Hospital Acquired Fungal Infections: The Role of Hemolymph from the Cochineal Insect
2
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102
102
2014-09-29
2014-09-29
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.12
© Science Publishing Group
Treating Benign Halo Nevus and Focal Vitiligo with Topical Tacrolimus: A Brief Report
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.13
Three patients had been suffering from benign halo nevus and focal vitiligo. They were treated with topical tacrolimus for 12 months. Remission was achieved in both the diseases. Pigmented moles of the halo nevi were unchanged and no harm was incurred to the patients. There was minimal self-limiting side effect from the tacrolimus.
Three patients had been suffering from benign halo nevus and focal vitiligo. They were treated with topical tacrolimus for 12 months. Remission was achieved in both the diseases. Pigmented moles of the halo nevi were unchanged and no harm was incurred to the patients. There was minimal self-limiting side effect from the tacrolimus.
Treating Benign Halo Nevus and Focal Vitiligo with Topical Tacrolimus: A Brief Report
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-10-09
© Science Publishing Group
Delwar Hossain
Treating Benign Halo Nevus and Focal Vitiligo with Topical Tacrolimus: A Brief Report
2
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105
105
2014-10-09
2014-10-09
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.13
© Science Publishing Group
The Significance of Fas/Fasl Expression in Celiac Disease, Non-Specific Duedonitis and in Duedonum Biopsies Showing Increase in Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.14
Aim: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic malabsorbtion disease of the small bowel. With a prevelance of about %1 it is a common disease in the community. FAS-FASL system which induces apopitosis is one of the most important pathways and responsible fort he development of mucosal atrophy in CD. The aim of this study is to investigate the patients who has the increase of intraepithelial lymphocytes (İEL) in duedonal mucosa and non specific duedonitis (NSD) and significance of FAS-FASL expression in these patients to distinct from CD.Materials and methods: 29 adults and 7 children celiac patients (with a preliminary diagnosis as iron deficiency anemia) and 17 adults and 6 children non-specific duedonitis patients included in the study. CD3, CD8, FAS and FASL expression were examined immunohistochemically from sections prepared from paraffin blocks in 28 adults and 7 children with normal duedonal mucosa and 24 adults and 6 children who has the increase of İEL in duedonum.Results: İn all groups; the number of İEL seen much more with CD3 in HE (hematoxylin eosin) sections . Again in all groups it is determined that majority of İEL expresses CD3 and CD8. Both in adult and children group; in surface and crypt enterosits in İEL ; the highest FAS expression was seen in enterosits and lamina propria cells in CD .More expression was determined in patients with the group who has İEL in duedonum and with NSD when compared to control group. FASL expression is increased in CD in comparison with normal but it was low in the group who has İEL in duedonum and NSD group. We found that FAS-FASL expression is not only an effective mechanism in pathogenesis of CD. We suggest that the functional significance of FAS expression should be investigated by methods of evaluating apopitosis in patients with İELAG and NSD who has more FAS expression when compared to CD . Also in the detection of number of İEL in suspected cases routine use of CD3 immunohistochemical evaluation may be useful.
Aim: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic malabsorbtion disease of the small bowel. With a prevelance of about %1 it is a common disease in the community. FAS-FASL system which induces apopitosis is one of the most important pathways and responsible fort he development of mucosal atrophy in CD. The aim of this study is to investigate the patients who has the increase of intraepithelial lymphocytes (İEL) in duedonal mucosa and non specific duedonitis (NSD) and significance of FAS-FASL expression in these patients to distinct from CD.Materials and methods: 29 adults and 7 children celiac patients (with a preliminary diagnosis as iron deficiency anemia) and 17 adults and 6 children non-specific duedonitis patients included in the study. CD3, CD8, FAS and FASL expression were examined immunohistochemically from sections prepared from paraffin blocks in 28 adults and 7 children with normal duedonal mucosa and 24 adults and 6 children who has the increase of İEL in duedonum.Results: İn all groups; the number of İEL seen much more with CD3 in HE (hematoxylin eosin) sections . Again in all groups it is determined that majority of İEL expresses CD3 and CD8. Both in adult and children group; in surface and crypt enterosits in İEL ; the highest FAS expression was seen in enterosits and lamina propria cells in CD .More expression was determined in patients with the group who has İEL in duedonum and with NSD when compared to control group. FASL expression is increased in CD in comparison with normal but it was low in the group who has İEL in duedonum and NSD group. We found that FAS-FASL expression is not only an effective mechanism in pathogenesis of CD. We suggest that the functional significance of FAS expression should be investigated by methods of evaluating apopitosis in patients with İELAG and NSD who has more FAS expression when compared to CD . Also in the detection of number of İEL in suspected cases routine use of CD3 immunohistochemical evaluation may be useful.
The Significance of Fas/Fasl Expression in Celiac Disease, Non-Specific Duedonitis and in Duedonum Biopsies Showing Increase in Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.14
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-10-15
© Science Publishing Group
Nurdan Tatar
Serdar Yanık
Ayse Neslin Akkoca
Zeynep Tugba Ozdemir
Mustafa Calıskan
Didem Sozutek
Pınar Atasoy
The Significance of Fas/Fasl Expression in Celiac Disease, Non-Specific Duedonitis and in Duedonum Biopsies Showing Increase in Intraepithelial Lymphocytes
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116
116
2014-10-15
2014-10-15
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140205.14
© Science Publishing Group
The Analysis Mutation of the CARD15 Gene Variants in Chronic Periodontitis
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.11
Purpose of this study was to determine the variant of CARD 15 gene mutations with periodontitis chronic .Identified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and folowed by using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). CARD 15 gene mutation with chronic periodontitis were found heterozygote mutation and homozygote mutation variants base on statistical analysis there were significant with control group ( p= 0,005) and also was founded genetics variation that changed the composition of C → T nucleotide at codon 802 in exon 4 amino acid, from alanine to valine.
Purpose of this study was to determine the variant of CARD 15 gene mutations with periodontitis chronic .Identified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and folowed by using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP). CARD 15 gene mutation with chronic periodontitis were found heterozygote mutation and homozygote mutation variants base on statistical analysis there were significant with control group ( p= 0,005) and also was founded genetics variation that changed the composition of C → T nucleotide at codon 802 in exon 4 amino acid, from alanine to valine.
The Analysis Mutation of the CARD15 Gene Variants in Chronic Periodontitis
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-10-29
© Science Publishing Group
Asmawati Amin
Bahruddin Thalib
Mochammad Hatta
The Analysis Mutation of the CARD15 Gene Variants in Chronic Periodontitis
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122
122
2014-10-29
2014-10-29
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.11
© Science Publishing Group
Comparative Effects of Exercise on Selected Cardiorespiratory Parameters among Young Adults from Different Ethnic Groups Resident in Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.12
This study investigated the differences or similarities in the baseline and post exercise cardiorespiratory parameters between young male adults of Igbo and Yoruba. A total of two hundred apparently healthy subjects (100 Yorubas and 100 Igbos) were involved in the study. Subjects were undergraduates who were within the age of 18-30 years. The subjects were asked to sit down for 3 mins and resting cardiorespiratory parameters (pulse rate, blood pressure, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and peak expiratory flow rate) were obtained with the sphygmomanometer and spirometer accordingly. They were then subjected to 3mins of exercise on a step bench while the metronome was set at 88 and 96 beats per minutes. The results showed a significant decrease in pre exercise pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure of Igbo when compared with Yoruba, but there was no significant differences in post exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressure of Igbo when compared with Yoruba. A significant increase in pre and post exercise forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and VO2 max was observed in Igbo when compared with Yoruba. The study concluded that there were differences in some cardiorespiratory parameters among male participants of both ethnic groups (Igbo and Yoruba) before and after exercise. The reported data may be useful in interpreting more accurately the significance of increase or decrease in cardiorespiratory response before and after exercise in a subject of a specific ethnic group.
This study investigated the differences or similarities in the baseline and post exercise cardiorespiratory parameters between young male adults of Igbo and Yoruba. A total of two hundred apparently healthy subjects (100 Yorubas and 100 Igbos) were involved in the study. Subjects were undergraduates who were within the age of 18-30 years. The subjects were asked to sit down for 3 mins and resting cardiorespiratory parameters (pulse rate, blood pressure, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec and peak expiratory flow rate) were obtained with the sphygmomanometer and spirometer accordingly. They were then subjected to 3mins of exercise on a step bench while the metronome was set at 88 and 96 beats per minutes. The results showed a significant decrease in pre exercise pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure of Igbo when compared with Yoruba, but there was no significant differences in post exercise systolic and diastolic blood pressure of Igbo when compared with Yoruba. A significant increase in pre and post exercise forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and VO2 max was observed in Igbo when compared with Yoruba. The study concluded that there were differences in some cardiorespiratory parameters among male participants of both ethnic groups (Igbo and Yoruba) before and after exercise. The reported data may be useful in interpreting more accurately the significance of increase or decrease in cardiorespiratory response before and after exercise in a subject of a specific ethnic group.
Comparative Effects of Exercise on Selected Cardiorespiratory Parameters among Young Adults from Different Ethnic Groups Resident in Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-11-05
© Science Publishing Group
Alese Ojo Oluwole
Adeosun Olukayode Isaac
Johnson Esther Olubusola
Olukiran Sesan Olaoluwa
Alese Margaret Olutayo
Comparative Effects of Exercise on Selected Cardiorespiratory Parameters among Young Adults from Different Ethnic Groups Resident in Nigeria
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127
127
2014-11-05
2014-11-05
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.12
© Science Publishing Group
Constitutional Pericentric Inversion of Chromosome 9 and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.13
In the present study, we screened the bone marrow chromosome database entries between March, 2004 and December, 2013 to identify cases with inv(9) along with t(9;22) variations. Our study recorded 2300 cases of confirmed CML (Ph positive), of which only 12 (0.52%) cases had inv(9) and t(9;22). The association between inv(9) and t(9;22) is not fully explored. Therefore more number of cases is required to shed light on its important role, if any, especially in bone-marrow transplantation and drug resistance.
In the present study, we screened the bone marrow chromosome database entries between March, 2004 and December, 2013 to identify cases with inv(9) along with t(9;22) variations. Our study recorded 2300 cases of confirmed CML (Ph positive), of which only 12 (0.52%) cases had inv(9) and t(9;22). The association between inv(9) and t(9;22) is not fully explored. Therefore more number of cases is required to shed light on its important role, if any, especially in bone-marrow transplantation and drug resistance.
Constitutional Pericentric Inversion of Chromosome 9 and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-11-11
© Science Publishing Group
Salil Vaniawala
Gadhia Pankaj
Constitutional Pericentric Inversion of Chromosome 9 and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
2
6
131
131
2014-11-11
2014-11-11
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.13
© Science Publishing Group
Efficacy of Topical Zinc Sulphate on Wound Healing of Experimentally Induced Skin Ulcers by Nicorandil and Induction Effect on Transforming Growth Factor-β
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.15
Induced ulcer wound repair needs re-epithelialisation to replace necrotised and/or damaged tissue and to re-establish its integrity. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) affects all cell types that are involved in all stages of wound healing. The assessment of induced ulcer wound healing activity was carried out through three models: First, excision model, second, induced ulcer wound using 50 mg Aspirin, and third by using 10 mg Nicorandil wound model. The animals were divided into eight groups; and were treated with different concentrations of Zinc sulphate, compared to their controls. The efficacy of Zinc sulphate on healing process of lesion induced was assessed by; body weight change, macroscopical appearance of the induced ulcers (ulcer area and wound contraction), microscopically appearance and histopathology; as well as qualitative assessment Moreover, the effect of ulcer induction on the serum levels of TGF-β according to the procedure of the kit was assessed in all groups. Different concentrations of topical Zinc sulphate have not significantly enhanced the healing of excision wounds. Thirty milligram Zinc sulphate has not significantly enhanced the healing of lesion ulcer induced by 50 mg Aspirin or 10 mg Nicorandil. Nevertheless, the 50 mg Aspirin and 10 mg Nicorandil caused delay in healing. In all groups, a significant reduction in ulcer area was observed compared to that of the baseline. Besides, a significant elevation in wound contraction was noticed compared to that of the baseline. Qualitative assessment of the healing process of the induced ulcer confirms that Aspirin or Nicorandil delay healing. Assessment of serum TGF-β level in serum showed no statistical significant elevation in those groups treated with different concentrations of Zinc sulphate compared to their control, while TGF-β level showed non-significant reduction in the group of induced ulcer by Aspirin or Nicorandil and treatment with 30 mg Zinc sulphate, compared to their controls. In conclusion, Nicorandil cause ulceration in the same manner of Aspirin, which delay the healing process, and TGF-β appears to play a more profound role in the healing process perforations than in the healing of induced ulcers in skin.
Induced ulcer wound repair needs re-epithelialisation to replace necrotised and/or damaged tissue and to re-establish its integrity. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) affects all cell types that are involved in all stages of wound healing. The assessment of induced ulcer wound healing activity was carried out through three models: First, excision model, second, induced ulcer wound using 50 mg Aspirin, and third by using 10 mg Nicorandil wound model. The animals were divided into eight groups; and were treated with different concentrations of Zinc sulphate, compared to their controls. The efficacy of Zinc sulphate on healing process of lesion induced was assessed by; body weight change, macroscopical appearance of the induced ulcers (ulcer area and wound contraction), microscopically appearance and histopathology; as well as qualitative assessment Moreover, the effect of ulcer induction on the serum levels of TGF-β according to the procedure of the kit was assessed in all groups. Different concentrations of topical Zinc sulphate have not significantly enhanced the healing of excision wounds. Thirty milligram Zinc sulphate has not significantly enhanced the healing of lesion ulcer induced by 50 mg Aspirin or 10 mg Nicorandil. Nevertheless, the 50 mg Aspirin and 10 mg Nicorandil caused delay in healing. In all groups, a significant reduction in ulcer area was observed compared to that of the baseline. Besides, a significant elevation in wound contraction was noticed compared to that of the baseline. Qualitative assessment of the healing process of the induced ulcer confirms that Aspirin or Nicorandil delay healing. Assessment of serum TGF-β level in serum showed no statistical significant elevation in those groups treated with different concentrations of Zinc sulphate compared to their control, while TGF-β level showed non-significant reduction in the group of induced ulcer by Aspirin or Nicorandil and treatment with 30 mg Zinc sulphate, compared to their controls. In conclusion, Nicorandil cause ulceration in the same manner of Aspirin, which delay the healing process, and TGF-β appears to play a more profound role in the healing process perforations than in the healing of induced ulcers in skin.
Efficacy of Topical Zinc Sulphate on Wound Healing of Experimentally Induced Skin Ulcers by Nicorandil and Induction Effect on Transforming Growth Factor-β
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.15
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-11-17
© Science Publishing Group
Shireen Sameen
Tagreed Altaei
Efficacy of Topical Zinc Sulphate on Wound Healing of Experimentally Induced Skin Ulcers by Nicorandil and Induction Effect on Transforming Growth Factor-β
2
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150
150
2014-11-17
2014-11-17
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.15
© Science Publishing Group
Caffeine Modulates Biliary Secretions in Indigenous Nigerian Dogs
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.14
This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of caffeine on biliary secretions in indigenous Nigerian dogs. A total of 6 dogs weighing 12 – 15 kg divided into 2 groups were used. The control group was fed their normal diet and water ad libitum and the treated group received 16 mg/kg of white crystalline caffeine dissolved in 10 mls of water and administered orally 8 hours prior to each surgery. Under sodium thiopentone and ketamine anaesthesia, common bile duct cannulation was done by the modified method of Rath and Hutchison. Bile was collected immediately post cannulation over a period of 48 to 72 hours. The bile samples from all dogs were analysed for bile volume, pH and electrolyte concentrations. The results showed significant increase in the bile volume in the caffeine treated group: 3.41 ± 0.85 ml compared to the control group: 1.24 ± 0.17 ml (p<0.05). The bile pH in the caffeine treated group: 7.40 ± 0.24 was significantly higher than the control group: 6.68 ± 0.18 (p< 0.05). The potassium concentration of 6.08 ± 0.49mmol/L in control group was significantly higher than the potassium concentration of 4.81 ± 0.21mmol/L in the treated group (p< 0.05). However, there was no significant change in the concentration of bicarbonate, chloride and sodium ions in the caffeine treated animals. We conclude that orally administered caffeine significantly increased bile volume and bile PH and significantly decreased bile potassium concentration in indigenous Nigerian dogs and these findings may have implication for digestion and absorption of fat soluble vitamins and a measure of liver functions.
This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of caffeine on biliary secretions in indigenous Nigerian dogs. A total of 6 dogs weighing 12 – 15 kg divided into 2 groups were used. The control group was fed their normal diet and water ad libitum and the treated group received 16 mg/kg of white crystalline caffeine dissolved in 10 mls of water and administered orally 8 hours prior to each surgery. Under sodium thiopentone and ketamine anaesthesia, common bile duct cannulation was done by the modified method of Rath and Hutchison. Bile was collected immediately post cannulation over a period of 48 to 72 hours. The bile samples from all dogs were analysed for bile volume, pH and electrolyte concentrations. The results showed significant increase in the bile volume in the caffeine treated group: 3.41 ± 0.85 ml compared to the control group: 1.24 ± 0.17 ml (p<0.05). The bile pH in the caffeine treated group: 7.40 ± 0.24 was significantly higher than the control group: 6.68 ± 0.18 (p< 0.05). The potassium concentration of 6.08 ± 0.49mmol/L in control group was significantly higher than the potassium concentration of 4.81 ± 0.21mmol/L in the treated group (p< 0.05). However, there was no significant change in the concentration of bicarbonate, chloride and sodium ions in the caffeine treated animals. We conclude that orally administered caffeine significantly increased bile volume and bile PH and significantly decreased bile potassium concentration in indigenous Nigerian dogs and these findings may have implication for digestion and absorption of fat soluble vitamins and a measure of liver functions.
Caffeine Modulates Biliary Secretions in Indigenous Nigerian Dogs
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.14
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-11-17
© Science Publishing Group
Kolawole Victor Olorunshola
Cheh Augustine Awasum
Nenadi Claire Hedima
Caffeine Modulates Biliary Secretions in Indigenous Nigerian Dogs
2
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136
136
2014-11-17
2014-11-17
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.14
© Science Publishing Group
The Effect of Arm Swing Exercise on Gait and Balance in Stroke Patients
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.16
The aim of this study is investigate the effect of arm swing exercise on balance and gait in stroke patients. Group A (n=8): 0.5kg strap was applied during arm swing exercise in experimental group for 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Group B (n=8): Subjects in control group performed neurodevelopmental treatment for 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Subjects were measured for balance and gait on Berg Balance scale, 10meter walking test and Six-minute walk test. There were significant changed of 10Meter Walking Test and 6-Minute Walk Test after experimental group performed the reinforced arm swing exercise of upper extremities and control group was provided with neurodevelopment treatment(p <0.05). However, there was no statistically significant found difference change of Berg Balance Scale in experimental group (p >0.05). The application reinforced arm swing exercise can be said to be effective intervention for the gait training in hemiplegic stroke patient.
The aim of this study is investigate the effect of arm swing exercise on balance and gait in stroke patients. Group A (n=8): 0.5kg strap was applied during arm swing exercise in experimental group for 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Group B (n=8): Subjects in control group performed neurodevelopmental treatment for 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Subjects were measured for balance and gait on Berg Balance scale, 10meter walking test and Six-minute walk test. There were significant changed of 10Meter Walking Test and 6-Minute Walk Test after experimental group performed the reinforced arm swing exercise of upper extremities and control group was provided with neurodevelopment treatment(p <0.05). However, there was no statistically significant found difference change of Berg Balance Scale in experimental group (p >0.05). The application reinforced arm swing exercise can be said to be effective intervention for the gait training in hemiplegic stroke patient.
The Effect of Arm Swing Exercise on Gait and Balance in Stroke Patients
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.16
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-11-22
© Science Publishing Group
June-Seok Ma
Hyun-Joo Kim
The Effect of Arm Swing Exercise on Gait and Balance in Stroke Patients
2
6
155
155
2014-11-22
2014-11-22
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.16
© Science Publishing Group
Clinical Adverse Events Profile during Combination Therapy with Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertensive Nigerians
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.19
Background: Combination therapy with antihypertensive drugs from different classes has been recommended as an effective strategy to attain blood pressure (BP) goal. Although amlodipine (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) are frequently used as combination therapy in Nigeria, information regarding the adverse events associated with this regimen is scarce. Objective: To evaluate the clinical adverse events profile associated with a regimen of AML and HCZ therapy for 48 weeks (wks) in hypertensive Nigerians. Methods: Ninety male (M) and female (F) Nigerians aged 31-86 years with newly diagnosed uncomplicated essential hypertension (BP > 160/90 ≤ 180/120 mmHg), were enrolled. Patients, who were 30 each (15 Ms and 15 Fs) in AML, HCZ and AML-HCZ groups, were treated, respectively, with AML 5mg for 6 wks and the dose increased to 10mg till wk 12 (end of monotherapy) after which HCZ 25mg was added; HCZ 25mg till wk 6 (end of monotherapy) after which AML 5-10mg was added as needed; and AML 5-10mg + HCZ 25mg. Body mass index (BMI), BP and heart rate (HR) were assessed at baseline and at the end of wks 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 during treatment. Adverse drug events were similarly monitored beginning from wk 1. Results: The three combination regimens comparably significantly reduced BP, though the effect in AML group was greater than the rest (P<0.05). Changes in BMI and HR were not statistically significant. Sixty one events of which polyuria, tachycardia and slight weight reduction were commonest as well as nausea and diaphoresis were recorded in AML group. Similarly, 91 events were observed in HCZ group, polyuria, tachycardia and weight loss being commonest plus impotence and visual disturbance. Although tachycardia and weight loss were more prominent among the 74 events in AML-HCZ group, polyuria was surprisingly uncommon. It is demonstrated that a regimen of AML to which HCZ is subsequently added provides superior tolerability and less bother to patients when compared with a regimen of HCZ to which AML is added as needed or with ab initio AML-HCZ combination therapy.
Background: Combination therapy with antihypertensive drugs from different classes has been recommended as an effective strategy to attain blood pressure (BP) goal. Although amlodipine (AML) and hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) are frequently used as combination therapy in Nigeria, information regarding the adverse events associated with this regimen is scarce. Objective: To evaluate the clinical adverse events profile associated with a regimen of AML and HCZ therapy for 48 weeks (wks) in hypertensive Nigerians. Methods: Ninety male (M) and female (F) Nigerians aged 31-86 years with newly diagnosed uncomplicated essential hypertension (BP > 160/90 ≤ 180/120 mmHg), were enrolled. Patients, who were 30 each (15 Ms and 15 Fs) in AML, HCZ and AML-HCZ groups, were treated, respectively, with AML 5mg for 6 wks and the dose increased to 10mg till wk 12 (end of monotherapy) after which HCZ 25mg was added; HCZ 25mg till wk 6 (end of monotherapy) after which AML 5-10mg was added as needed; and AML 5-10mg + HCZ 25mg. Body mass index (BMI), BP and heart rate (HR) were assessed at baseline and at the end of wks 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 during treatment. Adverse drug events were similarly monitored beginning from wk 1. Results: The three combination regimens comparably significantly reduced BP, though the effect in AML group was greater than the rest (P<0.05). Changes in BMI and HR were not statistically significant. Sixty one events of which polyuria, tachycardia and slight weight reduction were commonest as well as nausea and diaphoresis were recorded in AML group. Similarly, 91 events were observed in HCZ group, polyuria, tachycardia and weight loss being commonest plus impotence and visual disturbance. Although tachycardia and weight loss were more prominent among the 74 events in AML-HCZ group, polyuria was surprisingly uncommon. It is demonstrated that a regimen of AML to which HCZ is subsequently added provides superior tolerability and less bother to patients when compared with a regimen of HCZ to which AML is added as needed or with ab initio AML-HCZ combination therapy.
Clinical Adverse Events Profile during Combination Therapy with Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertensive Nigerians
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.19
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-12-23
© Science Publishing Group
G. B. S. Iyalomhe
E. K. I. Omogbai
A. O. Isah
S. I. Iyalomhe
Clinical Adverse Events Profile during Combination Therapy with Amlodipine and Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertensive Nigerians
2
6
170
170
2014-12-23
2014-12-23
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.19
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.19
© Science Publishing Group
Management of Chronic Neuritis with an Extended and Continuous Course of Prednisolone and Methotrexate: A Case Report
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.20
Patients may have prolonged neuritic episode in the field of leprosy. In that case, one or few interrupted courses of prednisolone of 4-months duration may prove inadequate for the unduly suffering patients. With an intention to see whether a prolonged course of prednisolone and methotrexate could be of any help for them, a patient having neuritis in several nerves including multiple abscesses in the right sural nerve was treated with a 15 months extended and continuous course of prednisolone and methotrexate. The outcome was complete and permanent remission with full functional recovery. Few mild self-limiting side effects from prednisolone were seen. However, there was no side effect from methotrexate. In conclusion, extended and continuous course of prednisolone and methotrexate was found safe and effective in treating a case of chronic neuritis.
Patients may have prolonged neuritic episode in the field of leprosy. In that case, one or few interrupted courses of prednisolone of 4-months duration may prove inadequate for the unduly suffering patients. With an intention to see whether a prolonged course of prednisolone and methotrexate could be of any help for them, a patient having neuritis in several nerves including multiple abscesses in the right sural nerve was treated with a 15 months extended and continuous course of prednisolone and methotrexate. The outcome was complete and permanent remission with full functional recovery. Few mild self-limiting side effects from prednisolone were seen. However, there was no side effect from methotrexate. In conclusion, extended and continuous course of prednisolone and methotrexate was found safe and effective in treating a case of chronic neuritis.
Management of Chronic Neuritis with an Extended and Continuous Course of Prednisolone and Methotrexate: A Case Report
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.20
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-12-26
© Science Publishing Group
Delwar Hossain
Management of Chronic Neuritis with an Extended and Continuous Course of Prednisolone and Methotrexate: A Case Report
2
6
174
174
2014-12-26
2014-12-26
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.20
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.20
© Science Publishing Group
Rhabdomyolysis Associated to Glossopharyngeal Edema: A Rare Side Effect of Diclofenac
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.18
Rhabdomyolysis is a widely used non steroid anti-inflammatory drug. Rhabdomyolysis after taking Diclofenac is rarely reported, and the association to a glossopharyngeal edema has never been discussed. Here is a case of rhabdomyolysis associated to glossopharyngeal edema after taking 200 mg of Diclofenac. The patient was first diagnosed with para phenyl di-amine intoxication but the toxicological examinations were negative. The patient outcome was good after symptomatic treatment.
Rhabdomyolysis is a widely used non steroid anti-inflammatory drug. Rhabdomyolysis after taking Diclofenac is rarely reported, and the association to a glossopharyngeal edema has never been discussed. Here is a case of rhabdomyolysis associated to glossopharyngeal edema after taking 200 mg of Diclofenac. The patient was first diagnosed with para phenyl di-amine intoxication but the toxicological examinations were negative. The patient outcome was good after symptomatic treatment.
Rhabdomyolysis Associated to Glossopharyngeal Edema: A Rare Side Effect of Diclofenac
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.18
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-12-15
© Science Publishing Group
Hicham Bakkali
Lahcen Belyamani
Salahedine Massou
Loukmane Elwartiti
Khalil Aboulaala
Hicham Balkhi
Charqui Haimeur
Rhabdomyolysis Associated to Glossopharyngeal Edema: A Rare Side Effect of Diclofenac
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164
164
2014-12-15
2014-12-15
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.18
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.18
© Science Publishing Group
E-Prostanoid Receptor Distribution in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells of a Rat Model of Asthma
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.17
Airway remodeling is a main pathological characteristic of asthma, and strongly associated with migration and proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells. E-prostanoid (EP) receptor can regulate airway remodeling. This study established a rat model of asthma and evaluated EP changes in airway smooth muscle cells under the asthmatic state so as to provide theoretical evidence for developing EP drugs to treat airway remodeling in asthma. A total of 20 clean Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to asthma group and control group. 28 days later, they were sacrificed for histological examination. Airway smooth muscle cells were isolated, cultured and measured using quantitative fluorescent PCR. Histopathological examination revealed that rat models of asthma were in accordance with the manifestations of asthmatic airway remodeling. After reverse transcription, real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR was performed using miRNA Q-PCR diagnostic kit. GAPDH was considered the internal reference. Relative expressions of E-prostanoid 1–4 (EP1–4) (2-△△Ct) in the control and asthma groups were respectively as follows: EP1: 4.35±0.18, 6.55±1.21; EP2: 3.64±0.12, 1.35±1.06; EP3: 4.59±1.14, 5.89±1.74; EP4: 2.89±1.85, 1.69±0.44. EP2/4 significantly decreased, but EP1 significantly increased in the asthma group (P < 0.01). These results suggested that the reduced EP2/4 and increased EP1 expressions in airway smooth muscle cells of rat models of asthma were probably important factors for asthmatic airway remodeling.
Airway remodeling is a main pathological characteristic of asthma, and strongly associated with migration and proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells. E-prostanoid (EP) receptor can regulate airway remodeling. This study established a rat model of asthma and evaluated EP changes in airway smooth muscle cells under the asthmatic state so as to provide theoretical evidence for developing EP drugs to treat airway remodeling in asthma. A total of 20 clean Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to asthma group and control group. 28 days later, they were sacrificed for histological examination. Airway smooth muscle cells were isolated, cultured and measured using quantitative fluorescent PCR. Histopathological examination revealed that rat models of asthma were in accordance with the manifestations of asthmatic airway remodeling. After reverse transcription, real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR was performed using miRNA Q-PCR diagnostic kit. GAPDH was considered the internal reference. Relative expressions of E-prostanoid 1–4 (EP1–4) (2-△△Ct) in the control and asthma groups were respectively as follows: EP1: 4.35±0.18, 6.55±1.21; EP2: 3.64±0.12, 1.35±1.06; EP3: 4.59±1.14, 5.89±1.74; EP4: 2.89±1.85, 1.69±0.44. EP2/4 significantly decreased, but EP1 significantly increased in the asthma group (P < 0.01). These results suggested that the reduced EP2/4 and increased EP1 expressions in airway smooth muscle cells of rat models of asthma were probably important factors for asthmatic airway remodeling.
E-Prostanoid Receptor Distribution in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells of a Rat Model of Asthma
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.17
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2014-11-24
© Science Publishing Group
Yanfeng Ying
Ye Hu
Haohao Chen
Pingguang Tu
E-Prostanoid Receptor Distribution in Airway Smooth Muscle Cells of a Rat Model of Asthma
2
6
160
160
2014-11-24
2014-11-24
10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20140206.17
© Science Publishing Group
Monitoring Microbiological Response to Antituberculosis Therapy by Real-Time PCR
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.11
Background: M. tuberculosis grows slowly and requires several weeks to detect in clinical specimens using standard culture techniques. Messenger RNA is more rapidly destroyed in cells than rRNA or genomic DNA, assays that target mycobacterial mRNA better reflect mycobacterial viability. Therefore we evaluated performance of mRNA for monitoring response to antituberculosis therapy using Real-Time PCR. Methods: Sputum specimens from 29 tuberculosis patients confirmed by positive culture were included in this study. Sputum specimens were collected before therapy, at 1st week, 4th week, 8th week and 16th week after initiating antituberculosis therapy to evaluate acid-fast bacilli (AFB), culture and mRNA level. Results: All 29 specimens were positive for culture and mRNA before initiating tuberculosis chemotherapy. Within 29 samples confirmed by positive culture, only 22 (75.9%) patients were positive by AFB. After 8 and 16 weeks of therapy, 27 (93.1%) and 28 (96.5%) were negative by culture, 26 (89.6%) and 28 (96.5%) were negative results for mRNA, and 15 (51.7%) and 29 (100%) were negative results for AFB. Conclusion: Rapidly decline of mRNA level correlated with rapid culture clearance after anti-tuberculosis therapy.
Background: M. tuberculosis grows slowly and requires several weeks to detect in clinical specimens using standard culture techniques. Messenger RNA is more rapidly destroyed in cells than rRNA or genomic DNA, assays that target mycobacterial mRNA better reflect mycobacterial viability. Therefore we evaluated performance of mRNA for monitoring response to antituberculosis therapy using Real-Time PCR. Methods: Sputum specimens from 29 tuberculosis patients confirmed by positive culture were included in this study. Sputum specimens were collected before therapy, at 1st week, 4th week, 8th week and 16th week after initiating antituberculosis therapy to evaluate acid-fast bacilli (AFB), culture and mRNA level. Results: All 29 specimens were positive for culture and mRNA before initiating tuberculosis chemotherapy. Within 29 samples confirmed by positive culture, only 22 (75.9%) patients were positive by AFB. After 8 and 16 weeks of therapy, 27 (93.1%) and 28 (96.5%) were negative by culture, 26 (89.6%) and 28 (96.5%) were negative results for mRNA, and 15 (51.7%) and 29 (100%) were negative results for AFB. Conclusion: Rapidly decline of mRNA level correlated with rapid culture clearance after anti-tuberculosis therapy.
Monitoring Microbiological Response to Antituberculosis Therapy by Real-Time PCR
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-01-19
© Science Publishing Group
Yadi Yasir
Ressy Dwiyanti
Muhammad Sabir
Andini Febrianty
Ahmad Adhyka
Nur Indah Purnamasari
Muhammad Reza Primaguna
Nataniel Tandirogang
Masyhudi Amir
Syamsu Rijal
Rosdiana Natzir
SutjiPratiwi Rahardjo
Mochammad Hatta
Monitoring Microbiological Response to Antituberculosis Therapy by Real-Time PCR
3
1
5
5
2015-01-19
2015-01-19
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.11
© Science Publishing Group
Microbiology of Diabetic Foot Ulcer with Special Reference to ESBL Infections
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.12
Chronic foot wounds represent an increasing burden to healthcare systems as the age of the population increases. The deep dermal tissues of all chronic wounds harbor microorganisms, however, the precise interaction between microbes in the wounds and impaired healing is unknown. With regard to antibiotic therapy, there is a lack of evidence concerning its effectiveness, optimal regimens or clinical indications for treatment. Despite this lack of evidence, antibiotics are frequently a feature of the management of chronic wounds and these patients receive significantly more antibiotic prescriptions (both systemic and topical) than age and sex-matched patients. Current guidelines for antibiotic prescribing for such diabetic foot wounds are often based on expert opinion rather than scientific fact and may present difficulties in interpretation and implementation to the clinician. Although the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance is widely recognized, the relationships between antibiotic resistance, chronic wound microbiology and rationales for antibiotic therapy have yet to be determined. This review discusses the role of microbes in chronic diabetic foot wounds from a clinical perspective with particular focus on the occurrence of type bacteria and their impact on such wounds and resistance pattern, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases [ESBL] studies with special reference to Indian studies. The evidence and role of antibiotics in the treatment of such wounds are outlined and current practice of antibiotic usage for chronic wounds in the primary care setting described. The implications of antibiotic usage with regard to antibiotic resistance are also considered.
Chronic foot wounds represent an increasing burden to healthcare systems as the age of the population increases. The deep dermal tissues of all chronic wounds harbor microorganisms, however, the precise interaction between microbes in the wounds and impaired healing is unknown. With regard to antibiotic therapy, there is a lack of evidence concerning its effectiveness, optimal regimens or clinical indications for treatment. Despite this lack of evidence, antibiotics are frequently a feature of the management of chronic wounds and these patients receive significantly more antibiotic prescriptions (both systemic and topical) than age and sex-matched patients. Current guidelines for antibiotic prescribing for such diabetic foot wounds are often based on expert opinion rather than scientific fact and may present difficulties in interpretation and implementation to the clinician. Although the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance is widely recognized, the relationships between antibiotic resistance, chronic wound microbiology and rationales for antibiotic therapy have yet to be determined. This review discusses the role of microbes in chronic diabetic foot wounds from a clinical perspective with particular focus on the occurrence of type bacteria and their impact on such wounds and resistance pattern, Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases [ESBL] studies with special reference to Indian studies. The evidence and role of antibiotics in the treatment of such wounds are outlined and current practice of antibiotic usage for chronic wounds in the primary care setting described. The implications of antibiotic usage with regard to antibiotic resistance are also considered.
Microbiology of Diabetic Foot Ulcer with Special Reference to ESBL Infections
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-01-26
© Science Publishing Group
Mohammad Zubair
Abida Malik
Jamal Ahmad
Microbiology of Diabetic Foot Ulcer with Special Reference to ESBL Infections
3
1
23
23
2015-01-26
2015-01-26
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.12
© Science Publishing Group
Computed Tomography Assessment of the Vascularization Degree of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Noncirrhotic Liver
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.13
An important CT-characteristic at a diagnostic of liver tumors is the determination of its vascularity. To study the characteristics of blood tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with different degrees of differentiation by CT. The work is based on the clinical and morphological comparisons performed in 55 patients (34 men and 21 women aged 15-83 years) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without accompanying liver cirrhosis. In the preoperative stage all patients was carried spiral computed tomography (CT) with bolus contrast enhancement (on the four phases of the study). Was evaluated parameters of CT density and degree of nodes HCC vascularization. Morphologic study of histological preparations of operation material from 16 patients was diagnosed high-differentiated, 33 - moderately differentiated, and 6 - poorly differentiated HCC. At the immunohistochemical preparations with reaction to CD34 was determined by the number and the total cross-sectional area of vessels in sight of HCC tissue. The maximum values of CT density in the arterial phase were observed at the nodes moderately differentiated HCC. In the venous phase the greatest values of density as well as the venous increase was registered in high-differentiated HCC. The most vascularised (hypervascular) tumor is high-differentiated HCC, and the least vascularized - poorly differentiated HCC by CT. At morphometric study of the maximum values of the number and the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels are installed in high-differentiated HCC tissues, the minimum - in the tissue of low-grade HCC. CT with bolus contrast enhancement allows studying the characteristics of blood supply of HCC varying degrees of differentiation. Determine the true measure of total CT-vascularization of the tumor tissue must be done with consideration of the increase concentration difference coefficient (ICDC).
An important CT-characteristic at a diagnostic of liver tumors is the determination of its vascularity. To study the characteristics of blood tissue of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with different degrees of differentiation by CT. The work is based on the clinical and morphological comparisons performed in 55 patients (34 men and 21 women aged 15-83 years) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without accompanying liver cirrhosis. In the preoperative stage all patients was carried spiral computed tomography (CT) with bolus contrast enhancement (on the four phases of the study). Was evaluated parameters of CT density and degree of nodes HCC vascularization. Morphologic study of histological preparations of operation material from 16 patients was diagnosed high-differentiated, 33 - moderately differentiated, and 6 - poorly differentiated HCC. At the immunohistochemical preparations with reaction to CD34 was determined by the number and the total cross-sectional area of vessels in sight of HCC tissue. The maximum values of CT density in the arterial phase were observed at the nodes moderately differentiated HCC. In the venous phase the greatest values of density as well as the venous increase was registered in high-differentiated HCC. The most vascularised (hypervascular) tumor is high-differentiated HCC, and the least vascularized - poorly differentiated HCC by CT. At morphometric study of the maximum values of the number and the total cross-sectional area of the blood vessels are installed in high-differentiated HCC tissues, the minimum - in the tissue of low-grade HCC. CT with bolus contrast enhancement allows studying the characteristics of blood supply of HCC varying degrees of differentiation. Determine the true measure of total CT-vascularization of the tumor tissue must be done with consideration of the increase concentration difference coefficient (ICDC).
Computed Tomography Assessment of the Vascularization Degree of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Noncirrhotic Liver
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-01-28
© Science Publishing Group
Ulyana N. Tumanova
Grigoriy G. Karmazanovsky
Alexander I. Shchyogolev
Computed Tomography Assessment of the Vascularization Degree of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Noncirrhotic Liver
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2015-01-28
2015-01-28
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.13
© Science Publishing Group
Serum Angiopoietin-2 as Marker of Plasma Leakage in Dengue Viral Infection
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.15
Background. The immunopathology of DHF/DSS is yet completely understood. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) produced by endothelial cell could promote vascular leakage by disrupting endothelial junction. Few studies reported the role of Ang-2 in dengue viral infection. Objective. To study the role of Ang-2 in promoting vascular leakage in dengue viral infection. Methods. Prospective cohort study conducted at Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou, Pancaran Kasih and R.W. Mongonsidi General Hospitals in Manado, from March 2013 to October 2014. Children, aged 1-15 years old, with the diagnosis of dengue viral infection according to 1997 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria [Dengue Fever (DF), Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)],were recruited consecutively. Written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardian. Blood samples were obtained at the time of diagnosis and 48 hours after, evaluated for complete blood counts, albumin, NS-1, Ig M, Ig G anti-dengue, and Ang-2. Results. During the study period, there were 119 children with dengue viral infections (39 DF, 39 DHF, 41 DSS). Patient’s characteristics: female predominance, age between 1.5-8.5 years old, well nourished, and mean albumin level were less than ≤3.5 gr% in the DHF and DSS group. Ang-2 level at admission were 2,486.21 pg/dl, 3,194.95 pg/dl and 4,005.32 pg/dl in DF, DHF and DSS group, respectively. Anova test analyses shows significant differences in serum Ang-2 level at admission between DF, DHF and DSS group (p<0.0001). Between those groups, DSS group had the highest level of Ang-2, followed with DHF and DF. Discussion. Mean albumin level were 3.88 gr%, 3.39 gr% and 2.63gr% in DF, DHF and DSS group, respectively. This results shows increasing plasma leakage with increasing severity of dengue viral infection. Increasing level of Ang-2 can promote blood vessels instability therefore causing increased vascular permeability and subsequent plasma leakage. In this study, we found significant elevation of serum Ang-2 in patiens with DSS compared to DHF and DF but the difference was not significant between DF and DHF group. Conclusions. Angiopoietin-2 contributes in transient systemic vascular leak in dengue viral infection.
Background. The immunopathology of DHF/DSS is yet completely understood. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) produced by endothelial cell could promote vascular leakage by disrupting endothelial junction. Few studies reported the role of Ang-2 in dengue viral infection. Objective. To study the role of Ang-2 in promoting vascular leakage in dengue viral infection. Methods. Prospective cohort study conducted at Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou, Pancaran Kasih and R.W. Mongonsidi General Hospitals in Manado, from March 2013 to October 2014. Children, aged 1-15 years old, with the diagnosis of dengue viral infection according to 1997 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria [Dengue Fever (DF), Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS)],were recruited consecutively. Written informed consent was obtained from parents or legal guardian. Blood samples were obtained at the time of diagnosis and 48 hours after, evaluated for complete blood counts, albumin, NS-1, Ig M, Ig G anti-dengue, and Ang-2. Results. During the study period, there were 119 children with dengue viral infections (39 DF, 39 DHF, 41 DSS). Patient’s characteristics: female predominance, age between 1.5-8.5 years old, well nourished, and mean albumin level were less than ≤3.5 gr% in the DHF and DSS group. Ang-2 level at admission were 2,486.21 pg/dl, 3,194.95 pg/dl and 4,005.32 pg/dl in DF, DHF and DSS group, respectively. Anova test analyses shows significant differences in serum Ang-2 level at admission between DF, DHF and DSS group (p<0.0001). Between those groups, DSS group had the highest level of Ang-2, followed with DHF and DF. Discussion. Mean albumin level were 3.88 gr%, 3.39 gr% and 2.63gr% in DF, DHF and DSS group, respectively. This results shows increasing plasma leakage with increasing severity of dengue viral infection. Increasing level of Ang-2 can promote blood vessels instability therefore causing increased vascular permeability and subsequent plasma leakage. In this study, we found significant elevation of serum Ang-2 in patiens with DSS compared to DHF and DF but the difference was not significant between DF and DHF group. Conclusions. Angiopoietin-2 contributes in transient systemic vascular leak in dengue viral infection.
Serum Angiopoietin-2 as Marker of Plasma Leakage in Dengue Viral Infection
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.15
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-02
© Science Publishing Group
Novie Homenta Rampengan
Dasril Daud
Sarah Warouw
Idham Jaya Ganda
Serum Angiopoietin-2 as Marker of Plasma Leakage in Dengue Viral Infection
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43
2015-02-02
2015-02-02
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.15
© Science Publishing Group
Mean Values, Normal Limits and Sex Differences of Anthropometry of Young Adults in a University Community in Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.16
This study assessed the weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) of young adults at Ile-Ife with a view of determining the mean values, normal limits and sex differences in the anthropometric parameters. Four hundred and eighty four (242 males and 242 females) subjects aged between 18-41 years (inclusive) were recruited for the study. The participants were age and sex-matched (mean age: 22.81±3.83years). The weight and height of the subjects were obtained using standard techniques while BMI and BSA were calculated as derivatives of height and weight. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Normal limits for height, weight and BSA were determined using 5th and 95th percentiles while normal limits for BMI were determined using 5th and 85th percentiles. The mean ± SD and normal limits of weight, height, BMI and BSA for the 484 participants were 60.94 ± 9.60kg (47.00-79.75kg), 1.67± 0.85m (1.54-1.82m), 21.82±3.02kg/ m2 (17.80-24.83 kg/ m2) and 1.68 ± 0.15m2 (1.45-1.96 m2). Among males and females respectively, the mean weight [63.43± 9.11kg and 58.46 ± 9.46kg (p <0.001, t =5.9)], height [1.72 ± 0.07m and 1.62 ± 0.07 m2 (p < 0.001, t = 15.03)], BMI [21.43 ± 2.62 and 22.20 ± 3.33(p =0.01, t = -2.83)] and BSA [1.75±0.14m2 and 1.62 ±0.13m2 (p< 0.001, t =10.34] showed significant statistical differences. The normal limits for weight, height, BMI and BSA in males and females respectively were; 50.56-82.00kg and 45.56-75.00kg; 1.61-1.85m and 1.53-1.73m; 17.80-26.90 and 17.80-28.79 and 1.53-2.00m2 and 1.41-1.87m2. BMI was significantly higher in females while other anthropometric parameters were significantly higher in males. This study provides data on anthropometric parameters among young adult Nigerians as reference values for physiological and pathophysiological evaluation and clinical management. Significant sex differences exist among young adult Nigerians with regards to weight, height, BMI and BSA. So, sex should be taken into consideration in classification of young adult Nigerians using anthropometry.
This study assessed the weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) of young adults at Ile-Ife with a view of determining the mean values, normal limits and sex differences in the anthropometric parameters. Four hundred and eighty four (242 males and 242 females) subjects aged between 18-41 years (inclusive) were recruited for the study. The participants were age and sex-matched (mean age: 22.81±3.83years). The weight and height of the subjects were obtained using standard techniques while BMI and BSA were calculated as derivatives of height and weight. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Normal limits for height, weight and BSA were determined using 5th and 95th percentiles while normal limits for BMI were determined using 5th and 85th percentiles. The mean ± SD and normal limits of weight, height, BMI and BSA for the 484 participants were 60.94 ± 9.60kg (47.00-79.75kg), 1.67± 0.85m (1.54-1.82m), 21.82±3.02kg/ m2 (17.80-24.83 kg/ m2) and 1.68 ± 0.15m2 (1.45-1.96 m2). Among males and females respectively, the mean weight [63.43± 9.11kg and 58.46 ± 9.46kg (p <0.001, t =5.9)], height [1.72 ± 0.07m and 1.62 ± 0.07 m2 (p < 0.001, t = 15.03)], BMI [21.43 ± 2.62 and 22.20 ± 3.33(p =0.01, t = -2.83)] and BSA [1.75±0.14m2 and 1.62 ±0.13m2 (p< 0.001, t =10.34] showed significant statistical differences. The normal limits for weight, height, BMI and BSA in males and females respectively were; 50.56-82.00kg and 45.56-75.00kg; 1.61-1.85m and 1.53-1.73m; 17.80-26.90 and 17.80-28.79 and 1.53-2.00m2 and 1.41-1.87m2. BMI was significantly higher in females while other anthropometric parameters were significantly higher in males. This study provides data on anthropometric parameters among young adult Nigerians as reference values for physiological and pathophysiological evaluation and clinical management. Significant sex differences exist among young adult Nigerians with regards to weight, height, BMI and BSA. So, sex should be taken into consideration in classification of young adult Nigerians using anthropometry.
Mean Values, Normal Limits and Sex Differences of Anthropometry of Young Adults in a University Community in Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.16
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-02
© Science Publishing Group
Oluwadare Ogunlade
Olusoji Adeola Adalumo
Mean Values, Normal Limits and Sex Differences of Anthropometry of Young Adults in a University Community in Nigeria
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47
2015-02-02
2015-02-02
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.16
© Science Publishing Group
Correlation of Serum IL-4 Levels in New and MDR Tuberculosis Patients
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.17
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects approximately one third of world population. Many cytokines are produced during tuberculosis, with predominance of Th1 cytokines during the early stage and Th2 cytokines in the later stages of the infection. Most studies on cytokines during TB are from ‘in vitro’-stimulated lymphoid cells with few reports on in vivo plasma levels. The high expression of IL-4 has been implicated as a virulence factor. In the present study we examined the level of IL-4 in the serum of active tuberculosis in new cases, during anti-tubercular therapy and MDR cases. This Study was conducted at Department Of Microbiology, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh. A total 76 blood samples of Pulmonary & Extra-Pulmonary tuberculosis patients were tested by ELISA (Diaclone France) along with 10 healthy controls. The test was carried out according to the manufacturer instructions. O.D. was taken at 450 nm. There was no stastical difference in age and sex in our study. The level of IL-4 show significant changes in MDR TB cases (P<0.05) but not significant during the anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) and new TB cases (P>0.05). An understanding of the development of the cellular immune response may lead to insight into pathogenesis and novel therapies for TB. Further studies are needed to address the role of cytokines in immunity to TB under natural conditions.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infects approximately one third of world population. Many cytokines are produced during tuberculosis, with predominance of Th1 cytokines during the early stage and Th2 cytokines in the later stages of the infection. Most studies on cytokines during TB are from ‘in vitro’-stimulated lymphoid cells with few reports on in vivo plasma levels. The high expression of IL-4 has been implicated as a virulence factor. In the present study we examined the level of IL-4 in the serum of active tuberculosis in new cases, during anti-tubercular therapy and MDR cases. This Study was conducted at Department Of Microbiology, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh. A total 76 blood samples of Pulmonary & Extra-Pulmonary tuberculosis patients were tested by ELISA (Diaclone France) along with 10 healthy controls. The test was carried out according to the manufacturer instructions. O.D. was taken at 450 nm. There was no stastical difference in age and sex in our study. The level of IL-4 show significant changes in MDR TB cases (P<0.05) but not significant during the anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) and new TB cases (P>0.05). An understanding of the development of the cellular immune response may lead to insight into pathogenesis and novel therapies for TB. Further studies are needed to address the role of cytokines in immunity to TB under natural conditions.
Correlation of Serum IL-4 Levels in New and MDR Tuberculosis Patients
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.17
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-06
© Science Publishing Group
Nazish Fatima
Mohammad Shameem
Nabeela
Parvez A. Khan
H. M. Khan
Correlation of Serum IL-4 Levels in New and MDR Tuberculosis Patients
3
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51
51
2015-02-06
2015-02-06
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.17
© Science Publishing Group
Rabbit Snake-Bite Model to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Anti Viper Chicken Antibodies (IgY)
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.14
Infusion of mammalian antivenom is considered to be the best available treatment for snake bites; but, production of cost-effective IgG in pure form is challenging. Purification of egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) raised against various toxins has been found to be relatively easier. But to use IgY for therapeutic purpose its efficacy and safety need to be experimentally proven which is hardly done due to lack of an appropriate model. In this study, pure IgY against viper venom was isolated and its efficacy and safety for intravenous infusion was tested in rabbits. Rabbit snake bite model was created by subcutaneous injection of 2x lethal dose50 (LD50) venom. Animals were given intravenous infusion of pure anti-viper IgY and recovery was monitored. Isolated chicken immunoglobulin (IgY) was >90% homogenous and showed 1:32 titre in immunodiffusion experiment. The minimum hemorrhagic dose (MHD) of viper venom was 0.2mg and antihaemorragic dose (AHD) of IgY was 4x concentration (0.8 mg) of native venom. Subcutaneously injected venom at LD50 resulted in severe local reaction, coagulation abnormality and mortality in rabbits. When anti viper IgY was infused within 2 h of envenomation, the animals survived, clotting parameters were reversed to normal and animals showed steady weight gain like healthy animals. No adverse effect of IgY was noticed on renal or hepatic function. The efficacy of commercially available mammalian IgG was lower than that of anti-viper IgY. Long term stability of the purified and lyophilized IgY was demonstrated. The effective IgY dose required to prevent mortality in the envenomed rabbits was found to be 4x of the injected venom estimated by Lowry’s protein assay. It has been demonstrated that rabbit model of snake bite is successfully cured by anti-snake IgY infusion at a specific dose.
Infusion of mammalian antivenom is considered to be the best available treatment for snake bites; but, production of cost-effective IgG in pure form is challenging. Purification of egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY) raised against various toxins has been found to be relatively easier. But to use IgY for therapeutic purpose its efficacy and safety need to be experimentally proven which is hardly done due to lack of an appropriate model. In this study, pure IgY against viper venom was isolated and its efficacy and safety for intravenous infusion was tested in rabbits. Rabbit snake bite model was created by subcutaneous injection of 2x lethal dose50 (LD50) venom. Animals were given intravenous infusion of pure anti-viper IgY and recovery was monitored. Isolated chicken immunoglobulin (IgY) was >90% homogenous and showed 1:32 titre in immunodiffusion experiment. The minimum hemorrhagic dose (MHD) of viper venom was 0.2mg and antihaemorragic dose (AHD) of IgY was 4x concentration (0.8 mg) of native venom. Subcutaneously injected venom at LD50 resulted in severe local reaction, coagulation abnormality and mortality in rabbits. When anti viper IgY was infused within 2 h of envenomation, the animals survived, clotting parameters were reversed to normal and animals showed steady weight gain like healthy animals. No adverse effect of IgY was noticed on renal or hepatic function. The efficacy of commercially available mammalian IgG was lower than that of anti-viper IgY. Long term stability of the purified and lyophilized IgY was demonstrated. The effective IgY dose required to prevent mortality in the envenomed rabbits was found to be 4x of the injected venom estimated by Lowry’s protein assay. It has been demonstrated that rabbit model of snake bite is successfully cured by anti-snake IgY infusion at a specific dose.
Rabbit Snake-Bite Model to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Anti Viper Chicken Antibodies (IgY)
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.14
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-02
© Science Publishing Group
Lissy Kalliyana Krishnan
Juliet Baby Saroja
Madhumati Rajalingam
Vimala John
Mohanan Parayathala Valappil
Harikrishnan Vijayakumar Sreelatha
Rabbit Snake-Bite Model to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Anti Viper Chicken Antibodies (IgY)
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38
2015-02-02
2015-02-02
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150301.14
© Science Publishing Group
Laboratory Diagnostic Tools for Checking Ebola Viral Infections in Africa
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.16
EBOV share many symptoms with a lot of common diseases, so only a well trained Laboratorian can properly collect samples, handle, do differential diagnosis and contain the disease. Quality assurance and control should be on-going in medical Laboratyories. BSL-4 laboratories should be built in African countries where this disease is prevalent. The government should develop a maintenance culture for the infrastructure. Maximum containment is needed when working with this virus as 90% of infected people die.
EBOV share many symptoms with a lot of common diseases, so only a well trained Laboratorian can properly collect samples, handle, do differential diagnosis and contain the disease. Quality assurance and control should be on-going in medical Laboratyories. BSL-4 laboratories should be built in African countries where this disease is prevalent. The government should develop a maintenance culture for the infrastructure. Maximum containment is needed when working with this virus as 90% of infected people die.
Laboratory Diagnostic Tools for Checking Ebola Viral Infections in Africa
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.16
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-15
© Science Publishing Group
Polycarp Chia
Elvis Fon Tatah
Kenneth Yongabi
Laboratory Diagnostic Tools for Checking Ebola Viral Infections in Africa
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2015-02-15
2015-02-15
10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.16
© Science Publishing Group
Can We Exploit and Adapt Indigenous Knowledge and Ethno -Botanicals for a Healthy Living in the Face of Emerging Diseases Like Ebola in Africa
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.15
In this essay, we attempted to catalogue and describe African indigenous knowledge, in contributing to sustainable health development in Sub Saharan Africa. In the face of poverty and threats of diseases such as ebola.We also describe how biotechnology can enhance cultural mechanism for improved health care. A snap shot of certain cultural habits that promote disease dissemination that would have to be modified is described. This report is basically a descriptive essay and partly based on a survey and collection of indigenous practices in Cameroon, and some cultures across countries in SSA. Some of the traditional knowledge relevant to disease transmission and control may form basis for experimentation, validation, development and application of appropriate medical biotechnologies for cheap, low tech disease control strategies and healthy living through a number of ethnobotanicals medicines, such as Occimum basilicum popularly called holy basil and in Kom language known as afuaih toh by many ethnicities of the Tikar in Ghana, Uganda, Gabon, parts of Kenya and Tanzania, Equitorial Guinea, Ethiopia, and Madagascar, who believe that the aromatic smell it emits dispels not only evil spirits but certain diseases such as HIV, Ebola and disease vectors. Such indigenous knowledge and science, with simple skills and familiarity, applied as an innovative approach to hygiene, medical challenges and disease control. Understand the practices, and see how to introduce interventions (incremental interventions), with existing indigenous knowledge enhanced with present science and technology, which you see can be applied to resolving present and possible outbreaks like Ebola. Generally called Macepo, tribes in Bukuru in northern Nigeria often used it to preserve dead bodies in remote villages where neither hospital nor morgue exist for days pending burial. Could scientific attention validate the use of African indigenous knowledge in Ebola prevention or future emerging diseases so that Africans can carry out safe burials within the context of their culture without risk of disease spread? We noted the believe amongst most ethnic groups regarding the use of Occimum basilicum, and leaf powder of some indigenous plants as a preservative for corpse or crops and insect repellent.This could serve as excellent platforms for mitigation and control of outbreaks such as Ebola.
In this essay, we attempted to catalogue and describe African indigenous knowledge, in contributing to sustainable health development in Sub Saharan Africa. In the face of poverty and threats of diseases such as ebola.We also describe how biotechnology can enhance cultural mechanism for improved health care. A snap shot of certain cultural habits that promote disease dissemination that would have to be modified is described. This report is basically a descriptive essay and partly based on a survey and collection of indigenous practices in Cameroon, and some cultures across countries in SSA. Some of the traditional knowledge relevant to disease transmission and control may form basis for experimentation, validation, development and application of appropriate medical biotechnologies for cheap, low tech disease control strategies and healthy living through a number of ethnobotanicals medicines, such as Occimum basilicum popularly called holy basil and in Kom language known as afuaih toh by many ethnicities of the Tikar in Ghana, Uganda, Gabon, parts of Kenya and Tanzania, Equitorial Guinea, Ethiopia, and Madagascar, who believe that the aromatic smell it emits dispels not only evil spirits but certain diseases such as HIV, Ebola and disease vectors. Such indigenous knowledge and science, with simple skills and familiarity, applied as an innovative approach to hygiene, medical challenges and disease control. Understand the practices, and see how to introduce interventions (incremental interventions), with existing indigenous knowledge enhanced with present science and technology, which you see can be applied to resolving present and possible outbreaks like Ebola. Generally called Macepo, tribes in Bukuru in northern Nigeria often used it to preserve dead bodies in remote villages where neither hospital nor morgue exist for days pending burial. Could scientific attention validate the use of African indigenous knowledge in Ebola prevention or future emerging diseases so that Africans can carry out safe burials within the context of their culture without risk of disease spread? We noted the believe amongst most ethnic groups regarding the use of Occimum basilicum, and leaf powder of some indigenous plants as a preservative for corpse or crops and insect repellent.This could serve as excellent platforms for mitigation and control of outbreaks such as Ebola.
Can We Exploit and Adapt Indigenous Knowledge and Ethno -Botanicals for a Healthy Living in the Face of Emerging Diseases Like Ebola in Africa
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.15
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-15
© Science Publishing Group
Kenneth Anchang Yongabi
Laura. DeLuca
Keto Mshigeni
Suki K. K. Mwendwa
Alex Dudley
Francisca Nambu Njuakom
Can We Exploit and Adapt Indigenous Knowledge and Ethno -Botanicals for a Healthy Living in the Face of Emerging Diseases Like Ebola in Africa
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2015-02-15
2015-02-15
10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.15
© Science Publishing Group
Strategic Nursing Care in Ebola Viral Outbreak and Care for Infected Patients
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.14
In Cameroon, we have not yet experienced any outbreak of Ebola Virus disease. But Cameroon’s closest neighbor, Nigeria, has that experience. Cameroon is strategically located in Africa with a geography and behavioral pattern that is similar with all the Ebola infected countries. In this paper, a proposed strategic nursing care protocol such as: Surveillance and notification plan, hospital and human resource re-enforcement plan, how strategic nursing care with respect to community mobilization of resources should be planned, in anticipation of any Ebola outbreak in the country is provided in the form of a proposal to be adopted in case of a sudden outbreak.
In Cameroon, we have not yet experienced any outbreak of Ebola Virus disease. But Cameroon’s closest neighbor, Nigeria, has that experience. Cameroon is strategically located in Africa with a geography and behavioral pattern that is similar with all the Ebola infected countries. In this paper, a proposed strategic nursing care protocol such as: Surveillance and notification plan, hospital and human resource re-enforcement plan, how strategic nursing care with respect to community mobilization of resources should be planned, in anticipation of any Ebola outbreak in the country is provided in the form of a proposal to be adopted in case of a sudden outbreak.
Strategic Nursing Care in Ebola Viral Outbreak and Care for Infected Patients
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.14
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-15
© Science Publishing Group
Ndipowa a James Attangeur Chimfutumb
Mary Bih Suh Atanga
Elvis Fon Tata
Kenneth Yongabi Anchang
Strategic Nursing Care in Ebola Viral Outbreak and Care for Infected Patients
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2015-02-15
2015-02-15
10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.14
© Science Publishing Group
A Nursing Care Plan for Ebola Patient at Intensive Care Units
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.13
The state of the art in the nursing care of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in an intensive care was conceived in preparation for nursing especially as Cameroon is found close to West Africa where the dead toll had risen too high in the past several weeks. The objective of this discussion is to outline the steps used from pathophysiology and manifestations of diseases in planning and implementing nursing care for better outcome without contamination of others (nurses themselves inclusive). The search for data was from available literature and nursing techniques. The findings have demonstrated the clear pathophysiology, manifestations, differences between the Marburg haemorrhagic fever and the Ebola, transmission, general management, different levels of care, patients’ problems, needs and requirement, nursing care, prevention and strict instructions to be observed. It has provided the basic nursing care plan that could be used in combination with other higher procedures and international norms and standards. The plan can be used by any nurse or delegated persons to ensure safety even when death may be eminent.
The state of the art in the nursing care of Ebola hemorrhagic fever in an intensive care was conceived in preparation for nursing especially as Cameroon is found close to West Africa where the dead toll had risen too high in the past several weeks. The objective of this discussion is to outline the steps used from pathophysiology and manifestations of diseases in planning and implementing nursing care for better outcome without contamination of others (nurses themselves inclusive). The search for data was from available literature and nursing techniques. The findings have demonstrated the clear pathophysiology, manifestations, differences between the Marburg haemorrhagic fever and the Ebola, transmission, general management, different levels of care, patients’ problems, needs and requirement, nursing care, prevention and strict instructions to be observed. It has provided the basic nursing care plan that could be used in combination with other higher procedures and international norms and standards. The plan can be used by any nurse or delegated persons to ensure safety even when death may be eminent.
A Nursing Care Plan for Ebola Patient at Intensive Care Units
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-15
© Science Publishing Group
Mary Bi Suh Atanga
Ndipowa James Attangeur
Kenneth Yongabi Anchang
A Nursing Care Plan for Ebola Patient at Intensive Care Units
3
1
20
20
2015-02-15
2015-02-15
10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.13
© Science Publishing Group
Potentials of nutritional therapy, phytopharmaceuticals and phytomedicine in the prevention and control of Ebola virus in Africa
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.11
With more than 15000 people infected with Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) leading to more than 7000 deaths in Liberia, Serra Leone, Guinea, Nigeria and Senegal, Ebola Virus Disease remains one of the most dreaded scourges and concerns in contemporary international health (CIH). We note in this essay, that current intervention strategies for the containment of emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola may remain inadequate unless an integrated health intervention (IHI) strategy is adopted. Focus on vaccine development is, undoubtedly, critical but unlikely soon. Synthetic antiviral therapy (AVT) or antifiloviral therapy (AFT) such as using Zmapp, Favipiravir and Brincindofovir amongst others may remain therapeutically inadequate to contain not only Ebola but future scourges. For one fact, as already observed, Zmapp, TKM-Ebola and Favipiravir are hopeful but clouded with toxicity concerns and like any antibiotic of single molecular base likely to be resisted by the bug over time. In this article, our position is that, the medical approach to confront Ebola should be a multidisciplinary approach with equality. This will mean providing a medical care that protects health care workers, searching for an effective vaccine and antiviral therapy that is cost effective, weaving cultural, environmental and community based approaches to preventing the spread as well as fostering and incorporating nutritional therapy, traditional medicine as an integrative package for infectious diseases control. We attempted to highlight that african nutriceticals and phytomedicine could be useful in the control of infectious diseases such as Ebola through the use of medicinal plants such as Garcinia kola extracts and the exploitation of mushroom extracts such as Ganoderma lucidum containing selenium, Iron, zinc, 7-8% crude protein, 26-28% carbohydrates and a range of bioactive protein that can boost the immune system of patients with Ebola virus hemorrhagic fevers. Evidence in grey literature demonstrates profound antiviral activities from extracts of Garcinia kola on a range viruses including Ebola virus. Kolaviron, a class of flavonoids from garcinia kola, have been found with profound antiviral activity while compounds from cordycep mycelium such as beta glucans also reported in Ganoderma lucidum and some mushroom species have profound immune boosting potentials against many viral infections. A computerized data base for these compounds for drug development could be generated for use by pharmaceutical companies. It is concluded that, nutritional therapy, phytopharmaceuticals from medicinal plants, could be used not only as drug leads but could clinically complement current management of Ebola virus diseases in African hospitals.
With more than 15000 people infected with Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) leading to more than 7000 deaths in Liberia, Serra Leone, Guinea, Nigeria and Senegal, Ebola Virus Disease remains one of the most dreaded scourges and concerns in contemporary international health (CIH). We note in this essay, that current intervention strategies for the containment of emerging infectious diseases such as Ebola may remain inadequate unless an integrated health intervention (IHI) strategy is adopted. Focus on vaccine development is, undoubtedly, critical but unlikely soon. Synthetic antiviral therapy (AVT) or antifiloviral therapy (AFT) such as using Zmapp, Favipiravir and Brincindofovir amongst others may remain therapeutically inadequate to contain not only Ebola but future scourges. For one fact, as already observed, Zmapp, TKM-Ebola and Favipiravir are hopeful but clouded with toxicity concerns and like any antibiotic of single molecular base likely to be resisted by the bug over time. In this article, our position is that, the medical approach to confront Ebola should be a multidisciplinary approach with equality. This will mean providing a medical care that protects health care workers, searching for an effective vaccine and antiviral therapy that is cost effective, weaving cultural, environmental and community based approaches to preventing the spread as well as fostering and incorporating nutritional therapy, traditional medicine as an integrative package for infectious diseases control. We attempted to highlight that african nutriceticals and phytomedicine could be useful in the control of infectious diseases such as Ebola through the use of medicinal plants such as Garcinia kola extracts and the exploitation of mushroom extracts such as Ganoderma lucidum containing selenium, Iron, zinc, 7-8% crude protein, 26-28% carbohydrates and a range of bioactive protein that can boost the immune system of patients with Ebola virus hemorrhagic fevers. Evidence in grey literature demonstrates profound antiviral activities from extracts of Garcinia kola on a range viruses including Ebola virus. Kolaviron, a class of flavonoids from garcinia kola, have been found with profound antiviral activity while compounds from cordycep mycelium such as beta glucans also reported in Ganoderma lucidum and some mushroom species have profound immune boosting potentials against many viral infections. A computerized data base for these compounds for drug development could be generated for use by pharmaceutical companies. It is concluded that, nutritional therapy, phytopharmaceuticals from medicinal plants, could be used not only as drug leads but could clinically complement current management of Ebola virus diseases in African hospitals.
Potentials of nutritional therapy, phytopharmaceuticals and phytomedicine in the prevention and control of Ebola virus in Africa
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-14
© Science Publishing Group
Kenneth Yongabi Anchang
Mary Garba
Florence Titu Manjong
Tiagueu Yvette T
Potentials of nutritional therapy, phytopharmaceuticals and phytomedicine in the prevention and control of Ebola virus in Africa
3
1
6
6
2015-02-14
2015-02-14
10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.11
© Science Publishing Group
Considering a Public Health Model for Control and Prevention of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.12
Despite increasing global efforts to contain infectious diseases such as Ebola, HIV, and new strains of Hepatitis Virus, the spread and burden still constitute more than 25% of the global disease picture. In this report, insights on an innovative cost saving evolutionary learning laboratory model (ELS Lab) consisting of a systems approach to the control of infectious diseases are discussed. There have been many science-based analyses from demographic, epidemiologic, disease intervention, and economic control measures in Sub-Saharan Africa to curb infectious diseases, yet the continued spread of new and old infectious diseases poses a serious challenge to public health in SSA. There is persistent typhoid endermicity with emergence of new antibiotic resistant strains of salmonella typhi as well as non typhoidal salmonellosis. There is increasing resistant strains of Entameoba histolytica to metronidazle, poor response of patients to artemisinin based antimalarials and sporadic cholera is spreading. Although disease elimination programs such as against trypanosomiasis (chagas disease), onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, leprosy, trachoma, and measles are succeeding such as drancontiasis elimination process is very successful in northern Nigeria and Cameroon, ebola virus disease, dengue, leishmaniasis, african trypanosomiasis, malaria, diarrheal diseases, helminthes infections, and tuberculosis are re-emerging due to inadequate interventions and control strategies couple with breakdown of health delivery systems. In most countries in SSA, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is not less than 4% of the total population. The challenges caused by both new and old opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS couple with increasing resistance to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) calls for serious new intervention strategy. Endemic poverty and increasing changes in climatic pattern in the current control efforts especially with ebola virus are potentially playing a role in the persistence of these infections. We note that application of technologies must be culture driven, cost-effective with intensified research is essential if these and other scourges are to be controlled or eliminated in the 21st century. The process of ELS Lab involves all relevant stakeholders from rural and peri- urban setting, from end users of new medical technology innovations and indigenous management strategies to the developers of the technologies and policy awareness on the integration of safe and productive farm practices with less vulnerability to infections. We propose further capacity building and research into this model.
Despite increasing global efforts to contain infectious diseases such as Ebola, HIV, and new strains of Hepatitis Virus, the spread and burden still constitute more than 25% of the global disease picture. In this report, insights on an innovative cost saving evolutionary learning laboratory model (ELS Lab) consisting of a systems approach to the control of infectious diseases are discussed. There have been many science-based analyses from demographic, epidemiologic, disease intervention, and economic control measures in Sub-Saharan Africa to curb infectious diseases, yet the continued spread of new and old infectious diseases poses a serious challenge to public health in SSA. There is persistent typhoid endermicity with emergence of new antibiotic resistant strains of salmonella typhi as well as non typhoidal salmonellosis. There is increasing resistant strains of Entameoba histolytica to metronidazle, poor response of patients to artemisinin based antimalarials and sporadic cholera is spreading. Although disease elimination programs such as against trypanosomiasis (chagas disease), onchocerciasis, lymphatic filariasis, leprosy, trachoma, and measles are succeeding such as drancontiasis elimination process is very successful in northern Nigeria and Cameroon, ebola virus disease, dengue, leishmaniasis, african trypanosomiasis, malaria, diarrheal diseases, helminthes infections, and tuberculosis are re-emerging due to inadequate interventions and control strategies couple with breakdown of health delivery systems. In most countries in SSA, the prevalence of HIV/AIDS is not less than 4% of the total population. The challenges caused by both new and old opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS couple with increasing resistance to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) calls for serious new intervention strategy. Endemic poverty and increasing changes in climatic pattern in the current control efforts especially with ebola virus are potentially playing a role in the persistence of these infections. We note that application of technologies must be culture driven, cost-effective with intensified research is essential if these and other scourges are to be controlled or eliminated in the 21st century. The process of ELS Lab involves all relevant stakeholders from rural and peri- urban setting, from end users of new medical technology innovations and indigenous management strategies to the developers of the technologies and policy awareness on the integration of safe and productive farm practices with less vulnerability to infections. We propose further capacity building and research into this model.
Considering a Public Health Model for Control and Prevention of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-15
© Science Publishing Group
Kenneth Anchang Yongabi
Considering a Public Health Model for Control and Prevention of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa
3
1
13
13
2015-02-15
2015-02-15
10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.12
© Science Publishing Group
Considerations for African Hospitals and Care Systems of the Future in the Face of Emerging Infectious Diseases Like Ebola
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.18
In this paper, we attempt to discuss ideas for a radical shift in health care practice in Africa that underpins the complexity of the African environment. We note that despite increasing financial support in the control of infectious diseases in Africa, the endemicity and emergence of new diseases are still unabated. Taking lessons from the current Ebola outbreak, treatment and maximum containment, African medics require a re-training and reorganization professionally to abate future epidemics. We noted that innovative clinical techniques in intensive health care, diagnosis, clinical counseling, and treatment as well as prevention are critical elements to build on for effective management of Ebola. We also provide suggestions for a culture driven health care infrastructure in the predictions and management of future outbreaks of diseases such as Ebola. Future directions on hospital wastewater treatment in health care centers using small scale anaerobic digesters and the use of traditional phytodisinfectants as low cost strategies to reduce dissemination of pathogens onto the environment are discussed.
In this paper, we attempt to discuss ideas for a radical shift in health care practice in Africa that underpins the complexity of the African environment. We note that despite increasing financial support in the control of infectious diseases in Africa, the endemicity and emergence of new diseases are still unabated. Taking lessons from the current Ebola outbreak, treatment and maximum containment, African medics require a re-training and reorganization professionally to abate future epidemics. We noted that innovative clinical techniques in intensive health care, diagnosis, clinical counseling, and treatment as well as prevention are critical elements to build on for effective management of Ebola. We also provide suggestions for a culture driven health care infrastructure in the predictions and management of future outbreaks of diseases such as Ebola. Future directions on hospital wastewater treatment in health care centers using small scale anaerobic digesters and the use of traditional phytodisinfectants as low cost strategies to reduce dissemination of pathogens onto the environment are discussed.
Considerations for African Hospitals and Care Systems of the Future in the Face of Emerging Infectious Diseases Like Ebola
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.18
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-28
© Science Publishing Group
Kenneth Anchang Yongabi
Judith Abit Nota
Gilbert Nota Teko
Considerations for African Hospitals and Care Systems of the Future in the Face of Emerging Infectious Diseases Like Ebola
3
1
45
45
2015-02-28
2015-02-28
10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.18
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.18
© Science Publishing Group
Preliminary Case Reports of Dietary Supplementation from Cameroonian Traditional Food Plants for the Therapeutic Management of HIV/AIDs Patients: Adapting Such Lessons for Clinical Management of Hemorrhagic Syndromes
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.17
This is a preliminary case reports of the healing potential of Cameroonian traditional foods used since time immemorial and now used to enhance the immune systems of patients of HIV patients with lessons that can be applied in the clinical management of Ebola hemorrhagic fevers. Dietary supplements was made from 0.9% salt and aqueous extracts of Flammiluna spp, Termytomyes titanicus and Pleurotus ostreatus.These macrofungi have been used in African traditional medicine and traditional diets for the management of HIV /AIDS and its accompanying opportunistic infections amongst tribes in north west Cameroon. The study indicated that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in North West region of Cameroon is increasing with girls and women having the highest rate of infection (60%) with increasing shortage of antiretroviral drugs especially in the rural areas of that region.Approximately,95% of patients encountered in this study even when receiving antiretroviral drugs still depend on Traditional medicines. More than 98% of patients in the rural areas who are seropositive but with a CD4 counts of more than 400 cells/ml sustain their lives on African nutritional supplements and traditional medicines.Phytobiotechnology Research laboratories documented 23 mushroom species belonging to 23 families used in various therapeutic preparation for the management of HIV/AIDS in rural North west region of Cameroon. From this Flammiluna, Termitomyces and pleurotus were selected as they are frequently used and available.They were extracted and used in combination in the management of HIV/AIDS patients at the Phytobiotechnology Research Clinic. From 1000 patients who consented through an ethical clearance process to follow the intervention,600 were already receiving antiretroviral drugs from the regional hospital,while on this supplements an increase of CD4 counts(Facs count method,Beckton Dickenson) by 85% was observed with a 94% decrease in Viral loads(Viral load machine,ABI Prism 7300,Biocentric method applied).For the 400 patients who were not qualify to receive ART, a 95% increase in CD4 counts and 95% decrease in Viral loads were recorded. In all study groups,an 80% increase in body weight, clearance of frequent fevers, dysentery and diarrhea symptoms ceased.Haematological analyses indicated 70% in White blood cell counts with a balance neutrophils and lymphocyte counts. Conclusions from this studies stresses the potentials of medicinal food supplementation in the effective management of HIV/AIDS with potential application to other viral diseases such as Ebola hemorrhagic fevers in Africa.
This is a preliminary case reports of the healing potential of Cameroonian traditional foods used since time immemorial and now used to enhance the immune systems of patients of HIV patients with lessons that can be applied in the clinical management of Ebola hemorrhagic fevers. Dietary supplements was made from 0.9% salt and aqueous extracts of Flammiluna spp, Termytomyes titanicus and Pleurotus ostreatus.These macrofungi have been used in African traditional medicine and traditional diets for the management of HIV /AIDS and its accompanying opportunistic infections amongst tribes in north west Cameroon. The study indicated that the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in North West region of Cameroon is increasing with girls and women having the highest rate of infection (60%) with increasing shortage of antiretroviral drugs especially in the rural areas of that region.Approximately,95% of patients encountered in this study even when receiving antiretroviral drugs still depend on Traditional medicines. More than 98% of patients in the rural areas who are seropositive but with a CD4 counts of more than 400 cells/ml sustain their lives on African nutritional supplements and traditional medicines.Phytobiotechnology Research laboratories documented 23 mushroom species belonging to 23 families used in various therapeutic preparation for the management of HIV/AIDS in rural North west region of Cameroon. From this Flammiluna, Termitomyces and pleurotus were selected as they are frequently used and available.They were extracted and used in combination in the management of HIV/AIDS patients at the Phytobiotechnology Research Clinic. From 1000 patients who consented through an ethical clearance process to follow the intervention,600 were already receiving antiretroviral drugs from the regional hospital,while on this supplements an increase of CD4 counts(Facs count method,Beckton Dickenson) by 85% was observed with a 94% decrease in Viral loads(Viral load machine,ABI Prism 7300,Biocentric method applied).For the 400 patients who were not qualify to receive ART, a 95% increase in CD4 counts and 95% decrease in Viral loads were recorded. In all study groups,an 80% increase in body weight, clearance of frequent fevers, dysentery and diarrhea symptoms ceased.Haematological analyses indicated 70% in White blood cell counts with a balance neutrophils and lymphocyte counts. Conclusions from this studies stresses the potentials of medicinal food supplementation in the effective management of HIV/AIDS with potential application to other viral diseases such as Ebola hemorrhagic fevers in Africa.
Preliminary Case Reports of Dietary Supplementation from Cameroonian Traditional Food Plants for the Therapeutic Management of HIV/AIDs Patients: Adapting Such Lessons for Clinical Management of Hemorrhagic Syndromes
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.17
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-27
© Science Publishing Group
Kenneth Anchang Yongabi
Florence Titu Manjong
Mary Chia Garba
Daniel Martinez-Carrera
Preliminary Case Reports of Dietary Supplementation from Cameroonian Traditional Food Plants for the Therapeutic Management of HIV/AIDs Patients: Adapting Such Lessons for Clinical Management of Hemorrhagic Syndromes
3
1
37
37
2015-02-27
2015-02-27
10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030101.17
© Science Publishing Group
Oil Machinery Fluid of Craniopharyngioma. Biochemical Analysis: Clinico-Pathological Correlation
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.11
Craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign tumors, but they have a tendency to become adherent around the pituitary gland and pituitary stalk, including the optic nerves, optic chiasm, intracranial arteries and the brain itself. 15 cases of craniopharyngiomas were included in this study. The oil fluid biochemical analysis was made; glucose, cholesterol, lipids, proteins, lactate dehydrogenase, globulins, calcium, sodium, etc. and Western Blot was performed for 2 and 9 metalloproteins. Clinicopatological correlation was made. Groups were divided in recurrent and non-recurrent tumor. The age of patient ranged from 18 to 51 yr 11 (mean of 30yrs). 11 (73%) were females and 4 (27%) were male. Recurrence was in 8 (53%) cases. We analyze the mean of laboratory results obtaining normal to low serum values for ions and high fluid values for all the elements studied. There was no statically significance between them, but we observe the patients which had a big tumor, recurrence and green color oil fluid presented high levels of these components. By the other hand, little not recurrent tumors and with a yellow oil fluid aspect, had low serum values of alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases. The output of these components in the Central Nervous System can be toxic and produce more inflammatory response.
Craniopharyngiomas are histologically benign tumors, but they have a tendency to become adherent around the pituitary gland and pituitary stalk, including the optic nerves, optic chiasm, intracranial arteries and the brain itself. 15 cases of craniopharyngiomas were included in this study. The oil fluid biochemical analysis was made; glucose, cholesterol, lipids, proteins, lactate dehydrogenase, globulins, calcium, sodium, etc. and Western Blot was performed for 2 and 9 metalloproteins. Clinicopatological correlation was made. Groups were divided in recurrent and non-recurrent tumor. The age of patient ranged from 18 to 51 yr 11 (mean of 30yrs). 11 (73%) were females and 4 (27%) were male. Recurrence was in 8 (53%) cases. We analyze the mean of laboratory results obtaining normal to low serum values for ions and high fluid values for all the elements studied. There was no statically significance between them, but we observe the patients which had a big tumor, recurrence and green color oil fluid presented high levels of these components. By the other hand, little not recurrent tumors and with a yellow oil fluid aspect, had low serum values of alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic and glutamic-pyruvic transaminases. The output of these components in the Central Nervous System can be toxic and produce more inflammatory response.
Oil Machinery Fluid of Craniopharyngioma. Biochemical Analysis: Clinico-Pathological Correlation
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-02-16
© Science Publishing Group
Martha Lilia Tena Suck
Andrea Y. Morales del Ángel
Ma. Elena Hernández-Campos
Manuel Castillejos-López
Georgina González-Ávila
Oil Machinery Fluid of Craniopharyngioma. Biochemical Analysis: Clinico-Pathological Correlation
3
2
58
58
2015-02-16
2015-02-16
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.11
© Science Publishing Group
Srijela-an Herbal Preparation with Galactogenic Property
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.12
Intake of galactogogues increases breast milk secretion. Aim of this study was to investigate the Srijela (an herbal preparation) for its galactogenic property on postpartum mothers. The study was conducted on 75 postpartum mothers comprising 50 mothers who received Srijela preparation and 25 mothers as control who did not received the Srijela. The Srijela is an herbal preparation of Ashwagandha, Blackseeds, Amlaki, Methi and Hing. Observations were made on lactation factors- time of starting milk secretion after delivery, frequency of breast feeding, quantity of milk secretion, frequency of urination and weight gain of the babies. It was seen that Srijela enhanced the breast milk secretion in terms of onset, frequency, and quantity of milk secretion in the postpartum mothers as compared to those who did not received Srijela. Frequency of urination (an indicator for increase milk intake) was also remarkably higher for the babies of Srijela mothers than that for the babies of non- Srijela mothers. Weight gain of babies was also higher for Srijela mothers. This study indicated that Srijela promoted breast milk secretion in postpartum mothers.
Intake of galactogogues increases breast milk secretion. Aim of this study was to investigate the Srijela (an herbal preparation) for its galactogenic property on postpartum mothers. The study was conducted on 75 postpartum mothers comprising 50 mothers who received Srijela preparation and 25 mothers as control who did not received the Srijela. The Srijela is an herbal preparation of Ashwagandha, Blackseeds, Amlaki, Methi and Hing. Observations were made on lactation factors- time of starting milk secretion after delivery, frequency of breast feeding, quantity of milk secretion, frequency of urination and weight gain of the babies. It was seen that Srijela enhanced the breast milk secretion in terms of onset, frequency, and quantity of milk secretion in the postpartum mothers as compared to those who did not received Srijela. Frequency of urination (an indicator for increase milk intake) was also remarkably higher for the babies of Srijela mothers than that for the babies of non- Srijela mothers. Weight gain of babies was also higher for Srijela mothers. This study indicated that Srijela promoted breast milk secretion in postpartum mothers.
Srijela-an Herbal Preparation with Galactogenic Property
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-03-06
© Science Publishing Group
Md. Shahidullah
Md. Sallahuddin
Touhida Ahsan
Monira Ahsan
Md. Mustafizur Rahman
Sheikh Nazrul Islam
Srijela-an Herbal Preparation with Galactogenic Property
3
2
61
61
2015-03-06
2015-03-06
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.12
© Science Publishing Group
An Anthropometric Study of some Basic Nasal Parameters of Three Major Ethnic Groups in Kogi State, Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.13
Nasal anthropometry can be employed in identification of the race and sex of individuals whose identity is unknown, since normal nose morphology is dependent on gender, ethnic and environmental influences. Nasal index is an ethnic sensitive anthropometrical tool and also exhibits sexual differences. This study is aimed at providing anthropometric data on the basic nasal parameters (nasal height, nasal width and nasal index) of three major ethnic groups (Okun, Igala and Ebira) in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study sample comprised 302 subjects aged 17-45 years; 109 Okun subjects comprising of 57 males and 52 females, 107 Igala subjects comprising of 55 males and 52 females and 86 Ebira subjects comprising of 55 males and 31 females. The nasal height and nasal width were measured using a sliding vernier calliper and the nasal index was calculated. Test for significance was done using independent t-test and ANOVA. The result from this study showed that the mean nasal index for Okun males and females were 97.23±7.89 and 93.64±8.22 respectively; the mean nasal index for Igala males and females were 97.21±8.88 and 93.48±8.72 and the mean nasal index for Ebira males and females were 96.93±8.66 and 92.99±7.62 respectively. Sexual dimorphism was noted in the nasal parameters of males and females in each ethnic group at P<0.05 but there was no significant difference in the nasal parameters between the ethnic groups considered at p<0.05. Okun, Igala and Ebira fall under the platyrrhine nose type. The result of this study will be relevant in forensic medicine, physical anthropology and clinical practice.
Nasal anthropometry can be employed in identification of the race and sex of individuals whose identity is unknown, since normal nose morphology is dependent on gender, ethnic and environmental influences. Nasal index is an ethnic sensitive anthropometrical tool and also exhibits sexual differences. This study is aimed at providing anthropometric data on the basic nasal parameters (nasal height, nasal width and nasal index) of three major ethnic groups (Okun, Igala and Ebira) in Kogi State, Nigeria. The study sample comprised 302 subjects aged 17-45 years; 109 Okun subjects comprising of 57 males and 52 females, 107 Igala subjects comprising of 55 males and 52 females and 86 Ebira subjects comprising of 55 males and 31 females. The nasal height and nasal width were measured using a sliding vernier calliper and the nasal index was calculated. Test for significance was done using independent t-test and ANOVA. The result from this study showed that the mean nasal index for Okun males and females were 97.23±7.89 and 93.64±8.22 respectively; the mean nasal index for Igala males and females were 97.21±8.88 and 93.48±8.72 and the mean nasal index for Ebira males and females were 96.93±8.66 and 92.99±7.62 respectively. Sexual dimorphism was noted in the nasal parameters of males and females in each ethnic group at P<0.05 but there was no significant difference in the nasal parameters between the ethnic groups considered at p<0.05. Okun, Igala and Ebira fall under the platyrrhine nose type. The result of this study will be relevant in forensic medicine, physical anthropology and clinical practice.
An Anthropometric Study of some Basic Nasal Parameters of Three Major Ethnic Groups in Kogi State, Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-03-10
© Science Publishing Group
Oluwayinka Paul
Olatunji Sunday Yinka
Adelodun Stephen Taiye
Amlabu Mana Gift
An Anthropometric Study of some Basic Nasal Parameters of Three Major Ethnic Groups in Kogi State, Nigeria
3
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67
67
2015-03-10
2015-03-10
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.13
© Science Publishing Group
Absolute Neutrophil Count as a Septic Shock Predictor in Pediatric Emergency Room
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.14
Introduction: The Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) is a neutrophil percentage multiplied by the total leukocytes in blood. Its use as a prognostic indicator has been studied in a variety of circumstances, especially sepsis in the neonates and children. Objective: This research aims to investigate the roles of the ANC as the predictor of the septic shock. Methods: It was a prospective cohort study. The data were collected when the patients were brought into the Pediatric Emergency Room (PER) of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar in September through December 2012. The ANC total of the treated patients was counted and then the patients were put into two groups: the group with ANC < 1500/mm3 and the group with ANC ≥ 1500/mm3. The individual health condition of each ANC group was observed carefully in order to determine whether the patients suffered from the septic shock or not. Results: The incidence of the septic shock in the ANC group of < 1500/mm3 was greater compared to that of ≥ 1500/mm3 with the p value = 0.015 (p < 0.05). Besides, it was found that the odds ratio = 6.333, CI = 95% (1.523 – 26.335). No significant differences of septic shock incidence were found between age, nutritional status, sex and infectious/non infectious disease. Conclusion: The mean value of the ANC in patients with septic shock is lower compared with non septic shock. The incidence of septic shock in patients with ANC ≥ 1500/ mm3 group; ANC can be used as predictor of impending the septic shock.
Introduction: The Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) is a neutrophil percentage multiplied by the total leukocytes in blood. Its use as a prognostic indicator has been studied in a variety of circumstances, especially sepsis in the neonates and children. Objective: This research aims to investigate the roles of the ANC as the predictor of the septic shock. Methods: It was a prospective cohort study. The data were collected when the patients were brought into the Pediatric Emergency Room (PER) of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar in September through December 2012. The ANC total of the treated patients was counted and then the patients were put into two groups: the group with ANC < 1500/mm3 and the group with ANC ≥ 1500/mm3. The individual health condition of each ANC group was observed carefully in order to determine whether the patients suffered from the septic shock or not. Results: The incidence of the septic shock in the ANC group of < 1500/mm3 was greater compared to that of ≥ 1500/mm3 with the p value = 0.015 (p < 0.05). Besides, it was found that the odds ratio = 6.333, CI = 95% (1.523 – 26.335). No significant differences of septic shock incidence were found between age, nutritional status, sex and infectious/non infectious disease. Conclusion: The mean value of the ANC in patients with septic shock is lower compared with non septic shock. The incidence of septic shock in patients with ANC ≥ 1500/ mm3 group; ANC can be used as predictor of impending the septic shock.
Absolute Neutrophil Count as a Septic Shock Predictor in Pediatric Emergency Room
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.14
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-03-27
© Science Publishing Group
Lucy Amelia
Idham Jaya Ganda
Dasril Daud
Absolute Neutrophil Count as a Septic Shock Predictor in Pediatric Emergency Room
3
2
72
72
2015-03-27
2015-03-27
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.14
© Science Publishing Group
The Relationship of Salivary Free Testosterone Concentration with Acne Vulgaris
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.15
Background: Acne Vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory and multifactorial disease involving the pilosebaceous unit. Androgen hormone plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship of free testosterone concentration with the severity of acne vulgaris. Methods: This is an observational study using cross sectional design. This study conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital, Hasanuddin University hospital, and other hospital networks and Prodia laboratory in Makassar starting from January until February 2015. The study samples are 42 patients who met the study criteria. There are 32 patients with AV who have been diagnosed clinically and 10 patients with non AV as a control group. Results: The free testosterone concentration and sebum levels in the AV group are higher compared to the control group (p<0.005). This study obtained that there is no significant difference of free testosterone concentration and sebum levels according to the AV levels (p>0.005), but there is a correlation between the free testosterone concentration with the increased of sebum levels. It is mean that even the free testosterone concentration and sebum levels are increased, the acne vulgaris is not necessarily severe, but the increased of free testosterone concentration makes the sebum levels increased. Conclusions: The free testosterone concentration and sebum levels are higher in the acne vulgaris group than the control group. There is no significant relationship of free testosterone concentration with acne vulgaris with p>0.05.
Background: Acne Vulgaris (AV) is a chronic inflammatory and multifactorial disease involving the pilosebaceous unit. Androgen hormone plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne. Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship of free testosterone concentration with the severity of acne vulgaris. Methods: This is an observational study using cross sectional design. This study conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital, Hasanuddin University hospital, and other hospital networks and Prodia laboratory in Makassar starting from January until February 2015. The study samples are 42 patients who met the study criteria. There are 32 patients with AV who have been diagnosed clinically and 10 patients with non AV as a control group. Results: The free testosterone concentration and sebum levels in the AV group are higher compared to the control group (p<0.005). This study obtained that there is no significant difference of free testosterone concentration and sebum levels according to the AV levels (p>0.005), but there is a correlation between the free testosterone concentration with the increased of sebum levels. It is mean that even the free testosterone concentration and sebum levels are increased, the acne vulgaris is not necessarily severe, but the increased of free testosterone concentration makes the sebum levels increased. Conclusions: The free testosterone concentration and sebum levels are higher in the acne vulgaris group than the control group. There is no significant relationship of free testosterone concentration with acne vulgaris with p>0.05.
The Relationship of Salivary Free Testosterone Concentration with Acne Vulgaris
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.15
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-04-10
© Science Publishing Group
Andi Fausiah Abdullah
Anis Irawan Anwar
Faridha Ilyas
Sri Vitayani Muchtar
Burhanuddin Bahar
Andi Makbul Aman
The Relationship of Salivary Free Testosterone Concentration with Acne Vulgaris
3
2
77
77
2015-04-10
2015-04-10
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150302.15
© Science Publishing Group
The Risk Factors of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.11
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn. Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a severe disease and has high mortality rate. The clinical signs of EONS are nonspecific and the confirmation of diagnosis may consuming time. Therefore, the diagnostic approach is necessary by considering the risk factors. Objective: The aims of this study are to identify the risk factors of newborn infants whose mother has risk factors of sepsis affecting the occurrence of EONS. Methods: This is a cohort retrospective study, conducted from January 2013 to June 2014 in Neonatology Installation of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital, Makassar. The sample population included newborn infants whose mother has risk factors of sepsis. The information of the risk factors from infant and diagnoses of EONS was obtained from their medical record. Multivariate analysis and logistic regression formula were performed to predict the occurrence of EONS. There were 221 samples: 62 cases of EONS and 159 of control. Results: The results of multivariate analysis revealed 3 risk factors from infant which were associated to EONS: APGAR score <7 (p= 0.000, AOR 14.05 with 95% CI 5.48-35.98), gestational age <37 week (p= 0.000, AOR 13.45 with 95% CI 3.91-46.26), birth weight <1500 gram (p= 0.04, AOR 4.9 with 95% CI 1.08-22.25). Conclusion: Based on this study, it concluded that the risk factors of EOS were: APGAR score, gestational age and birth weight.
Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in newborn. Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is a severe disease and has high mortality rate. The clinical signs of EONS are nonspecific and the confirmation of diagnosis may consuming time. Therefore, the diagnostic approach is necessary by considering the risk factors. Objective: The aims of this study are to identify the risk factors of newborn infants whose mother has risk factors of sepsis affecting the occurrence of EONS. Methods: This is a cohort retrospective study, conducted from January 2013 to June 2014 in Neonatology Installation of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo hospital, Makassar. The sample population included newborn infants whose mother has risk factors of sepsis. The information of the risk factors from infant and diagnoses of EONS was obtained from their medical record. Multivariate analysis and logistic regression formula were performed to predict the occurrence of EONS. There were 221 samples: 62 cases of EONS and 159 of control. Results: The results of multivariate analysis revealed 3 risk factors from infant which were associated to EONS: APGAR score <7 (p= 0.000, AOR 14.05 with 95% CI 5.48-35.98), gestational age <37 week (p= 0.000, AOR 13.45 with 95% CI 3.91-46.26), birth weight <1500 gram (p= 0.04, AOR 4.9 with 95% CI 1.08-22.25). Conclusion: Based on this study, it concluded that the risk factors of EOS were: APGAR score, gestational age and birth weight.
The Risk Factors of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-04-17
© Science Publishing Group
Muhammad Hayun
Ema Alasiry
Dasril Daud
Dwi Bahagia Febriani
Djauhariah Madjid
The Risk Factors of Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis
3
3
82
82
2015-04-17
2015-04-17
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.11
© Science Publishing Group
Multiple Sclerosis: Effect of Oral Administration of an Antioxidant Dietary Supplement in C57BL6/N Induced Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.12
In the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) an important role is played by oxidative stress. Increased energy requirements during remyelination of axons and mitochondria failure is one of the causes of axonal degeneration and disability in MS. In the presence of neurological diseases such as MS, F2-isoprostanes are concentrated in higher quantities. In this context, we analyzed the levels of F2-isoprostanes in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of mice of the strain C57BL6/N with an induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), orally treated with two concentrations of Citozym, a dietary supplement with evident antioxidant properties. Compared to the control group, Citozym-treated EAE-mouse had significantly lower levels of F2-isoprostanes both in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, according to the guidelines of IACUC, treatment with Citozym at higher concentrations drastically reduced neurological signs of induced EAE.
In the pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS) an important role is played by oxidative stress. Increased energy requirements during remyelination of axons and mitochondria failure is one of the causes of axonal degeneration and disability in MS. In the presence of neurological diseases such as MS, F2-isoprostanes are concentrated in higher quantities. In this context, we analyzed the levels of F2-isoprostanes in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of mice of the strain C57BL6/N with an induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), orally treated with two concentrations of Citozym, a dietary supplement with evident antioxidant properties. Compared to the control group, Citozym-treated EAE-mouse had significantly lower levels of F2-isoprostanes both in plasma and in cerebrospinal fluid. Furthermore, according to the guidelines of IACUC, treatment with Citozym at higher concentrations drastically reduced neurological signs of induced EAE.
Multiple Sclerosis: Effect of Oral Administration of an Antioxidant Dietary Supplement in C57BL6/N Induced Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-04-20
© Science Publishing Group
Torricelli Piera
Antonelli Francesco
Ferorelli Pasquale
De Martino Angelo
Shevchenko Anna
Beninati Simone
Multiple Sclerosis: Effect of Oral Administration of an Antioxidant Dietary Supplement in C57BL6/N Induced Model of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
3
3
87
87
2015-04-20
2015-04-20
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.12
© Science Publishing Group
Profile of mRNA Expression of IL-6 and IL-10 in Breast Cancer Patients with or Without Chemotherapy
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.15
ackground: Breast cancer is a type of cancer that has a high prevalence, can occur in men and women. Cytokines are factors that are known to have good properties of tumor growth and tumor inhibitory effects. Cytokine has an important role in the control of the immune system. Development of breast carcinoma is closely related to mRNA expression of IL-6 as pro-inflammatory cytokine and mRNA expression of IL-10 as anti-inflammatory cytokine. Purpose: Examine changes in mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory cytokine in breast cancer patients with or without chemotherapy. Method: This is a case-control study, 12 subjects with breast cancer with chemotherapy as case group and 12 subjects with breast cancer without chemotherapy as control group. In this study we using PCR and RFLP techniques to detect polymorphisms in IL-6 and IL-10 gene. Results: In RFLP analysis, found that IL-6 and IL-10 gene were not polymorphic in all subjects for both case and control groups. Mean value of IL-6 mRNA on breast cancer patients without receiving chemotheraphy was 10.84±0.48 whereas on breast cancer patients with chemotherapy was 6.28±1.19. Mean value of IL-10 mRNA on breast cancer patients without receiving chemotheraphy was 6.76±0.81 whereas on breast cancer patients with chemotherapy was 9.81±1.07. The mean value of IL-6 mRNA on breast cancer patients without receiving chemotheraphy was statistically significant higher than in patients with chemotheraphy. In contrast, mean value of IL-10 mRNA on breast cancer patients without receiving chemotheraphy was statistically significant lower than in patients with chemotherapy. Conclusion: Combination of chemotherapy docetaxel, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide cause a decrease in mRNA expression of IL-6 and an increase in the expression of mRNA of IL-10 in patients with breast cancer.
ackground: Breast cancer is a type of cancer that has a high prevalence, can occur in men and women. Cytokines are factors that are known to have good properties of tumor growth and tumor inhibitory effects. Cytokine has an important role in the control of the immune system. Development of breast carcinoma is closely related to mRNA expression of IL-6 as pro-inflammatory cytokine and mRNA expression of IL-10 as anti-inflammatory cytokine. Purpose: Examine changes in mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory cytokine in breast cancer patients with or without chemotherapy. Method: This is a case-control study, 12 subjects with breast cancer with chemotherapy as case group and 12 subjects with breast cancer without chemotherapy as control group. In this study we using PCR and RFLP techniques to detect polymorphisms in IL-6 and IL-10 gene. Results: In RFLP analysis, found that IL-6 and IL-10 gene were not polymorphic in all subjects for both case and control groups. Mean value of IL-6 mRNA on breast cancer patients without receiving chemotheraphy was 10.84±0.48 whereas on breast cancer patients with chemotherapy was 6.28±1.19. Mean value of IL-10 mRNA on breast cancer patients without receiving chemotheraphy was 6.76±0.81 whereas on breast cancer patients with chemotherapy was 9.81±1.07. The mean value of IL-6 mRNA on breast cancer patients without receiving chemotheraphy was statistically significant higher than in patients with chemotheraphy. In contrast, mean value of IL-10 mRNA on breast cancer patients without receiving chemotheraphy was statistically significant lower than in patients with chemotherapy. Conclusion: Combination of chemotherapy docetaxel, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide cause a decrease in mRNA expression of IL-6 and an increase in the expression of mRNA of IL-10 in patients with breast cancer.
Profile of mRNA Expression of IL-6 and IL-10 in Breast Cancer Patients with or Without Chemotherapy
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.15
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-05-12
© Science Publishing Group
Victor Pontoh
Daniel Sampepajung
Andi Asadul Islam
Mochammad Hatta
Profile of mRNA Expression of IL-6 and IL-10 in Breast Cancer Patients with or Without Chemotherapy
3
3
104
104
2015-05-12
2015-05-12
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.15
© Science Publishing Group
Relationship Between Severity Levels of Diseases in Children with Maternal Anxiety at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.14
Background: PICU (pediatric intensive care unit) is child care units that require intensive surveillance and invasive action. A state of anxious disorder is characterized by feelings of fear which accompanied by somatic complaints shown with hyperactivities of autonomic nervous system and non-specific symptom and normal emotion. Objective: This study identified the factors associated with the occurrence of anxiety in mothers whose child was treated in a PICU suffered degrees of severity of disease. Methods: A cross-sectional studies have been conducted since April to September 2014 at Dr .Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. Samples were children aged 1 month to 18 years old who experienced the severity of the disease based on the PRISM III scores treated at PICU. Results: Of the 151 samples of children, there were 88 male and 63 female. Bivariate analyzes mothers who have children with PRISM III score ≥15 had a greater occurrence frequency of severe anxiety disorders compared with mothers whose children have PRISM III score <15, with a value of p= 0.000 (p<0.01). There is a correlation between the PRISM III scores in children with maternal HARS scores, which is a higher PRISM III score will also make the HARS scores higher with p<0.001, correlation value of 0.296. Conclusion: There is a correlation between PRISM III score in children and the score of HARS in the mother, which is the highest of PRISM III score, the HARS score will also be higher.
Background: PICU (pediatric intensive care unit) is child care units that require intensive surveillance and invasive action. A state of anxious disorder is characterized by feelings of fear which accompanied by somatic complaints shown with hyperactivities of autonomic nervous system and non-specific symptom and normal emotion. Objective: This study identified the factors associated with the occurrence of anxiety in mothers whose child was treated in a PICU suffered degrees of severity of disease. Methods: A cross-sectional studies have been conducted since April to September 2014 at Dr .Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar. Samples were children aged 1 month to 18 years old who experienced the severity of the disease based on the PRISM III scores treated at PICU. Results: Of the 151 samples of children, there were 88 male and 63 female. Bivariate analyzes mothers who have children with PRISM III score ≥15 had a greater occurrence frequency of severe anxiety disorders compared with mothers whose children have PRISM III score <15, with a value of p= 0.000 (p<0.01). There is a correlation between the PRISM III scores in children with maternal HARS scores, which is a higher PRISM III score will also make the HARS scores higher with p<0.001, correlation value of 0.296. Conclusion: There is a correlation between PRISM III score in children and the score of HARS in the mother, which is the highest of PRISM III score, the HARS score will also be higher.
Relationship Between Severity Levels of Diseases in Children with Maternal Anxiety at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.14
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-04-24
© Science Publishing Group
Imelda
Martira Maddeppungeng
Idham Jaya Ganda
Dasril Daud
Relationship Between Severity Levels of Diseases in Children with Maternal Anxiety at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
3
3
98
98
2015-04-24
2015-04-24
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.14
© Science Publishing Group
Serum Lipocalin 2 Levels in Acute Exercised Prediabetic Rat Model in Comparison to Normal Healthy Control
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.16
Background: Excess caloric intake expands adipose tissue resulting in a higher risk of metabolic disease. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is an adipokine having a role in innate immunity and energy metabolism. It is an acute phase protein that was recently correlated with potential effects on obesity and inflammation. The reaction of this protein to progressive exercise in animals has limited studies. Exercise encourages weight loss and improves insulin sympathy. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating its beneficial effects are not fully understood. Obesity associates with increased production of inflammatory cytokines, which in turn, subsidizes to systemic insulin resistance. LCN2 has been shown to have a significant association with body mass index (BMI). However, only few of the LCN2-related studies have investigated whether LCN2 constitutes a causal factor of the metabolic conditions in animals. One of the best strategies to prevent obesity and its associated inflammation is participation in regular physical activity. Objective: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that exercise mitigates this inflammatory response, thereby improving insulin sensitivity, we tested whether there is an insulin-sensitizing effect of exercise is associated with related changes in circulating LCN2 levels in rats. Design: A total number of 24 adult healthy male albino rats were used. Rats were divided into three groups: group I (control, C), group II (model of pre-diabetic obese rats without exercise, PD) and group III (model of pre-diabetic obese rats with acute voluntary exercise, PDE). Results: This study revealed that after a 2 days acute exercise program, insulin sensitivity was improved, as indicated by a significant decrease in serum insulin (1.98±0.04), serum glucose (121.75±2.85) and Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) (0.59±0.02) in PDE in comparison to corresponding values in PD group (3.94±0.08), (159±1.49) and (1.44±0.11) respectively. Also, Serum LCN2 concentrations were significantly decreased (62.88±1.79) in PDE group in comparison to PD group (94.75±3.36). Conclusion: We concluded that exercise has an insulin sensitizing effect in the pre-diabetic stage and its mechanism could involve a reduction in LCN2 levels in exercise-trained group.
Background: Excess caloric intake expands adipose tissue resulting in a higher risk of metabolic disease. Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) is an adipokine having a role in innate immunity and energy metabolism. It is an acute phase protein that was recently correlated with potential effects on obesity and inflammation. The reaction of this protein to progressive exercise in animals has limited studies. Exercise encourages weight loss and improves insulin sympathy. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating its beneficial effects are not fully understood. Obesity associates with increased production of inflammatory cytokines, which in turn, subsidizes to systemic insulin resistance. LCN2 has been shown to have a significant association with body mass index (BMI). However, only few of the LCN2-related studies have investigated whether LCN2 constitutes a causal factor of the metabolic conditions in animals. One of the best strategies to prevent obesity and its associated inflammation is participation in regular physical activity. Objective: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that exercise mitigates this inflammatory response, thereby improving insulin sensitivity, we tested whether there is an insulin-sensitizing effect of exercise is associated with related changes in circulating LCN2 levels in rats. Design: A total number of 24 adult healthy male albino rats were used. Rats were divided into three groups: group I (control, C), group II (model of pre-diabetic obese rats without exercise, PD) and group III (model of pre-diabetic obese rats with acute voluntary exercise, PDE). Results: This study revealed that after a 2 days acute exercise program, insulin sensitivity was improved, as indicated by a significant decrease in serum insulin (1.98±0.04), serum glucose (121.75±2.85) and Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance Index (HOMA-IR) (0.59±0.02) in PDE in comparison to corresponding values in PD group (3.94±0.08), (159±1.49) and (1.44±0.11) respectively. Also, Serum LCN2 concentrations were significantly decreased (62.88±1.79) in PDE group in comparison to PD group (94.75±3.36). Conclusion: We concluded that exercise has an insulin sensitizing effect in the pre-diabetic stage and its mechanism could involve a reduction in LCN2 levels in exercise-trained group.
Serum Lipocalin 2 Levels in Acute Exercised Prediabetic Rat Model in Comparison to Normal Healthy Control
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.16
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-05-13
© Science Publishing Group
Rania Reafaat Abdelkader Atia
Khaled Abdelfattah Abdelhamid Abulfadle
Serum Lipocalin 2 Levels in Acute Exercised Prediabetic Rat Model in Comparison to Normal Healthy Control
3
3
109
109
2015-05-13
2015-05-13
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.16
© Science Publishing Group
Study of the Validity of Neutrophil CD64 and Serum Procalcitonin as Diagnostic Markers to Discriminate Infection from Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.17
Introduction: In addition to the complexity of the clinical presentation of both infections and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, the difficulty in making the therapeutic decision require investigations that should be of diagnostic value. Neutrophil CD64 is up regulated within few hours in patients with infection. Similarly, serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels increase rapidly following bacterial infection. Objective: The aim of this work is to study the usefulness of neutrophil CD64 expression and serum PCT as diagnostic markers to discriminate infection from disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: This study was carried on 20 healthy females as controls (group I) and 55 female patients with SLE. Patients were distributed as following; 20 SLE patients without activity or infections (group II), 20 SLE patients with lupus activity (group III), and 15 SLE patients with infection (group IV). CBC, ANA, Anti-ds DNA, C3 and C4 were measured in all population. Serum PCT was measured by ELFA and neutrophil CD64 expression was done by flowcytometry. Results: Neutrophil CD64 expression and serum PCT levels were increased significantly in SLE patients with infection compared to those with disease activity. We demonstrated significant correlations between CD64 and markers of both activity and infection, while serum PCT levels were significantly correlated with markers of infection. The area under the ROC curves for detection of infection (AUC; 95% CI) for neutrophil CD64 expression and serum PCT were (0.90; 0.79-1.01) and (0.99; 0.95-1.01), respectively. Conclusion: Our findings can prove that both neutrophil CD64 and serum PCT are reliable markers to discriminate infection from disease activity in SLE patients. Serum PCT was more accurate than neutrophil CD64 expression.
Introduction: In addition to the complexity of the clinical presentation of both infections and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, the difficulty in making the therapeutic decision require investigations that should be of diagnostic value. Neutrophil CD64 is up regulated within few hours in patients with infection. Similarly, serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels increase rapidly following bacterial infection. Objective: The aim of this work is to study the usefulness of neutrophil CD64 expression and serum PCT as diagnostic markers to discriminate infection from disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods: This study was carried on 20 healthy females as controls (group I) and 55 female patients with SLE. Patients were distributed as following; 20 SLE patients without activity or infections (group II), 20 SLE patients with lupus activity (group III), and 15 SLE patients with infection (group IV). CBC, ANA, Anti-ds DNA, C3 and C4 were measured in all population. Serum PCT was measured by ELFA and neutrophil CD64 expression was done by flowcytometry. Results: Neutrophil CD64 expression and serum PCT levels were increased significantly in SLE patients with infection compared to those with disease activity. We demonstrated significant correlations between CD64 and markers of both activity and infection, while serum PCT levels were significantly correlated with markers of infection. The area under the ROC curves for detection of infection (AUC; 95% CI) for neutrophil CD64 expression and serum PCT were (0.90; 0.79-1.01) and (0.99; 0.95-1.01), respectively. Conclusion: Our findings can prove that both neutrophil CD64 and serum PCT are reliable markers to discriminate infection from disease activity in SLE patients. Serum PCT was more accurate than neutrophil CD64 expression.
Study of the Validity of Neutrophil CD64 and Serum Procalcitonin as Diagnostic Markers to Discriminate Infection from Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.17
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-05-13
© Science Publishing Group
Ahmed Ragheb
Ahmed A. Sonbol
Study of the Validity of Neutrophil CD64 and Serum Procalcitonin as Diagnostic Markers to Discriminate Infection from Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
3
3
117
117
2015-05-13
2015-05-13
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.17
© Science Publishing Group
Age as a Risk Factor of Relapse Occurrence in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-L1 (All-L1) in Children
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.19
Introduction: Relapse in children with leukemia is a phase appearing the leukemia cells after complete remission; this situation can impact the children itself, parents and also the support system. Objective: To identify the factors related of relapse incidence in children with leukemia. Methods: This study was conducted by using a retrospective cohort study design based on medical record data from Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar from December 2013 until August 2014. Study samples were children of 0 month – 18 years old diagnosed of having Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-L1. They are treated with chemotherapy and divided into relapse and non-relapse samples. Results: From 42 relapse and non-relapse samples, there were 35.7% (15) relapse samples and 64.3% (27) non relapse samples. Bivariate analyses revealed that among 1-10 year, there were 31.4% (11) with relapse and 68.6% (24) without relapse. Among the samples aged more than 10 years old, there were 57.1% (4) samples with relapse and 42.9% (3) samples without relapse, with p=0.225 (p>0.05). In terms of interval time from first diagnosis until the occurrence of relapse, the median value was 1.80 in 1-10 year-old group. In the group of >10 years old, the median value was 0.84 and p=0.207 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Age did not give any influence in the incidence of relapse in children with ALL-L1 and the interval time when the first diagnosed until relapse.
Introduction: Relapse in children with leukemia is a phase appearing the leukemia cells after complete remission; this situation can impact the children itself, parents and also the support system. Objective: To identify the factors related of relapse incidence in children with leukemia. Methods: This study was conducted by using a retrospective cohort study design based on medical record data from Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar from December 2013 until August 2014. Study samples were children of 0 month – 18 years old diagnosed of having Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-L1. They are treated with chemotherapy and divided into relapse and non-relapse samples. Results: From 42 relapse and non-relapse samples, there were 35.7% (15) relapse samples and 64.3% (27) non relapse samples. Bivariate analyses revealed that among 1-10 year, there were 31.4% (11) with relapse and 68.6% (24) without relapse. Among the samples aged more than 10 years old, there were 57.1% (4) samples with relapse and 42.9% (3) samples without relapse, with p=0.225 (p>0.05). In terms of interval time from first diagnosis until the occurrence of relapse, the median value was 1.80 in 1-10 year-old group. In the group of >10 years old, the median value was 0.84 and p=0.207 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Age did not give any influence in the incidence of relapse in children with ALL-L1 and the interval time when the first diagnosed until relapse.
Age as a Risk Factor of Relapse Occurrence in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-L1 (All-L1) in Children
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.19
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-05-21
© Science Publishing Group
Yulianty Mochtar
Nadirah Rasyid Ridha
Dasril Daud
Age as a Risk Factor of Relapse Occurrence in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia-L1 (All-L1) in Children
3
3
127
127
2015-05-21
2015-05-21
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.19
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.19
© Science Publishing Group
Antimicrobial Activity of Lippia adoensis var. koseret Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.18
Background: Lippia adoensis var. koseret is a well known medicinal plant endemic to Ethiopia. It has been traditionally used to treat different infectious diseases and also in food preparation as condiment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate antibacterial and antifungal activities of water, ethanol and methanol based crude extracts of L. adoensis var. koseret against selected human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Methods: Crude extracts of L. adoensis var. koseret were extracted by maceration method. Disc diffusion assay of the extracts were carried out in four different concentrations against three different bacteria species (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli) and two clinical isolated fungal species (Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus) by using Kirby- Baur disk diffusion method. Agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, the minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations of the extracts against similar microorganisms. Results: Water-based extract of L. adoensis var. koseret exhibited significantly less antimicrobial activity as compared to ethanol and methanol crude extract against tested isolates of bacteria and fungi (P < 0.05); while, there was no significant difference between ethanol and methanol extracts. Among the tested microorganism S. aureus, was the most sensitive of all whereas C. albicans was the most resistant microorganism to alcohol based extract of L. adoensis var. koseret. The minimum inhibitory concentration of L. adoensis var. koseret ranged from 3.12 to 25mg/ml in the alcohol based extracts but it was higher in the water-based extract. The lower bactericidal concentration (5.20 mg/l) and the highest fungicidal concentration (37.50 mg/ml) were observed in methanol based extracts against S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. Conclusions: Antimicrobial activity of L. adoensis var. koseret varies with extraction solvent and tested microorganisms.
Background: Lippia adoensis var. koseret is a well known medicinal plant endemic to Ethiopia. It has been traditionally used to treat different infectious diseases and also in food preparation as condiment. The aim of the current study was to evaluate antibacterial and antifungal activities of water, ethanol and methanol based crude extracts of L. adoensis var. koseret against selected human pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Methods: Crude extracts of L. adoensis var. koseret were extracted by maceration method. Disc diffusion assay of the extracts were carried out in four different concentrations against three different bacteria species (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli) and two clinical isolated fungal species (Candida albicans and Aspergillus flavus) by using Kirby- Baur disk diffusion method. Agar dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration, the minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations of the extracts against similar microorganisms. Results: Water-based extract of L. adoensis var. koseret exhibited significantly less antimicrobial activity as compared to ethanol and methanol crude extract against tested isolates of bacteria and fungi (P < 0.05); while, there was no significant difference between ethanol and methanol extracts. Among the tested microorganism S. aureus, was the most sensitive of all whereas C. albicans was the most resistant microorganism to alcohol based extract of L. adoensis var. koseret. The minimum inhibitory concentration of L. adoensis var. koseret ranged from 3.12 to 25mg/ml in the alcohol based extracts but it was higher in the water-based extract. The lower bactericidal concentration (5.20 mg/l) and the highest fungicidal concentration (37.50 mg/ml) were observed in methanol based extracts against S. aureus and C. albicans, respectively. Conclusions: Antimicrobial activity of L. adoensis var. koseret varies with extraction solvent and tested microorganisms.
Antimicrobial Activity of Lippia adoensis var. koseret Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.18
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-05-19
© Science Publishing Group
Gemechu Ameya Buli
Abdella Gure Duga
Engda Dessalegn
Antimicrobial Activity of Lippia adoensis var. koseret Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi
3
3
123
123
2015-05-19
2015-05-19
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.18
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.18
© Science Publishing Group
Interaction of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Blood Serum of Patients with Bronchial Asthma and Myasthenia Gravis
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.20
The interest to nanoobjects is mainly attracted by the fact that their properties (and also biological in particular interest to the project) differ drastically from the properties of either bulk material or constituent molecules. The fundamental task is correlation between structure of the nanoparticles and their interaction with surrounding media. The aim of project is a study of interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and blood serum of patients with verified myasthenia and allergy. Laser correlation spectroscopy (LCS) allows fast and easy hydrodynamic diameter determination in a broad range from nanometer to hundred micrometers, which is an advantage in comparison to other technique for a mixture of nano and microobjects of very different sizes, which constitutes biological liquids. LCS measurement of titanium dioxide nanoparticles specimen showed that main part of light scattering is due to particles with radial size 4.64-8.42 nm. LCS and other physical methods measurement data are coincided. Comparison of LC-histograms of blood serum revealed increased contribution of 4.64 -15.28 nm particles into light scattering in bronchial asthma patients and 404.65 – 1794.35 nm particles in myasthenia gravis patients. Interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles, stabilized by phosphoric acid, and blood serum results to albumin- and globulin-containing complexes formation and precipitation. Interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles, stabilized by phosphoric acid, and blood serum results to albumin- and globulin-containing complexes formation and precipitation. Interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and myasthenia patients blood serum results to removing of considerable part (40%) of circulating immune complexes. TiO2 nanoparticles under interaction with asthma patients blood serum form complexes with small size proteins. LCS analysis confirmed removal of particles corresponding by their size to the major serum proteins and redistribution towards larger particles presented by glycolipids, glycoproteins, and antigen-antibody complexes.
The interest to nanoobjects is mainly attracted by the fact that their properties (and also biological in particular interest to the project) differ drastically from the properties of either bulk material or constituent molecules. The fundamental task is correlation between structure of the nanoparticles and their interaction with surrounding media. The aim of project is a study of interaction of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and blood serum of patients with verified myasthenia and allergy. Laser correlation spectroscopy (LCS) allows fast and easy hydrodynamic diameter determination in a broad range from nanometer to hundred micrometers, which is an advantage in comparison to other technique for a mixture of nano and microobjects of very different sizes, which constitutes biological liquids. LCS measurement of titanium dioxide nanoparticles specimen showed that main part of light scattering is due to particles with radial size 4.64-8.42 nm. LCS and other physical methods measurement data are coincided. Comparison of LC-histograms of blood serum revealed increased contribution of 4.64 -15.28 nm particles into light scattering in bronchial asthma patients and 404.65 – 1794.35 nm particles in myasthenia gravis patients. Interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles, stabilized by phosphoric acid, and blood serum results to albumin- and globulin-containing complexes formation and precipitation. Interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles, stabilized by phosphoric acid, and blood serum results to albumin- and globulin-containing complexes formation and precipitation. Interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and myasthenia patients blood serum results to removing of considerable part (40%) of circulating immune complexes. TiO2 nanoparticles under interaction with asthma patients blood serum form complexes with small size proteins. LCS analysis confirmed removal of particles corresponding by their size to the major serum proteins and redistribution towards larger particles presented by glycolipids, glycoproteins, and antigen-antibody complexes.
Interaction of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Blood Serum of Patients with Bronchial Asthma and Myasthenia Gravis
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.20
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-05-26
© Science Publishing Group
Elena Arkhipova
Irina Alchinova
Alexander Sanadze
Leonid Goldenberg
Mikhail Karganov
Interaction of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Blood Serum of Patients with Bronchial Asthma and Myasthenia Gravis
3
3
132
132
2015-05-26
2015-05-26
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.20
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150303.20
© Science Publishing Group
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome- A Case Report
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.11
Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a disorder where there is resistance to androgen actions influencing both the morphogenesis and differentiation of androgen responsive body structures. It occurs due to an X-linked mutation in Androgen Receptor gene. This disorder includes a spectrum of changes ranging from male infertility to completely normal female external genitalia in a chromosomally male individual. These cases need proper diagnosis and appropriate management. We report this case for its interesting presentation. The patient is a 20 year old female, presented with bilateral labial swellings and primary amenorrhoea. Subsequent investigations were done which revealed that the patient is a genetically male with absence of female internal genitalia but presence of testes. Gonadectomy was done after proper counseling and was put on hormone replacement therapy. Proper psychological support was also given to her, which is more important.
Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a disorder where there is resistance to androgen actions influencing both the morphogenesis and differentiation of androgen responsive body structures. It occurs due to an X-linked mutation in Androgen Receptor gene. This disorder includes a spectrum of changes ranging from male infertility to completely normal female external genitalia in a chromosomally male individual. These cases need proper diagnosis and appropriate management. We report this case for its interesting presentation. The patient is a 20 year old female, presented with bilateral labial swellings and primary amenorrhoea. Subsequent investigations were done which revealed that the patient is a genetically male with absence of female internal genitalia but presence of testes. Gonadectomy was done after proper counseling and was put on hormone replacement therapy. Proper psychological support was also given to her, which is more important.
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome- A Case Report
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-05-29
© Science Publishing Group
Tarafdar Runa Laila
Sheikh Salahuddin Ahmed
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome- A Case Report
3
4
136
136
2015-05-29
2015-05-29
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.11
© Science Publishing Group
Effect of Oral Administration of Dietary Antioxidant Supplements in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.12
In a prospective, randomized and single-blinded clinical trial, we compared patients with Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) orally treated with sucrose diluted with water (1:2) twice a day for 56 days (control group), with patients orally treated with four antioxidant dietary supplements rich in vitamin B5, B9, C, D, citric, pyruvic, and tartaric acids and carbohydrates (CCEP: Citexivir, Citozym, Ergozym Plus and Propulzym). The efficacy of treatment was evaluated once a week for 8 weeks, by monitoring changes in the activities of circulating Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as markers of liver damage. After a treatment of 84 days the viral title was evaluated through the HCV-RNA compared with the levels of anti-C100-3. The security and tolerability of the treatment were evaluated on the basis of clinical adverse events and results of laboratory tests. The experimental data obtained showed that the oral treatment of patients suffering from HCV infection of genotype 1, with CCEP, markedly influenced the values of the three enzymatic markers of hepatic disease. The data presented also showed the reduction of viral replication evidenced by the rate of HCV-RNA levels. As reported by others, we confirmed the low reliability of the research of anti-C100-3. This research is not meant to suggest the treatment reported as a therapy for the treatment of HCV infection, but data obtained may tend towards the possibility of administration of a dietary supplement such as CCEP in support of the official drug therapy of CHC in the nutritional care of HCV patients.
In a prospective, randomized and single-blinded clinical trial, we compared patients with Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) orally treated with sucrose diluted with water (1:2) twice a day for 56 days (control group), with patients orally treated with four antioxidant dietary supplements rich in vitamin B5, B9, C, D, citric, pyruvic, and tartaric acids and carbohydrates (CCEP: Citexivir, Citozym, Ergozym Plus and Propulzym). The efficacy of treatment was evaluated once a week for 8 weeks, by monitoring changes in the activities of circulating Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) as markers of liver damage. After a treatment of 84 days the viral title was evaluated through the HCV-RNA compared with the levels of anti-C100-3. The security and tolerability of the treatment were evaluated on the basis of clinical adverse events and results of laboratory tests. The experimental data obtained showed that the oral treatment of patients suffering from HCV infection of genotype 1, with CCEP, markedly influenced the values of the three enzymatic markers of hepatic disease. The data presented also showed the reduction of viral replication evidenced by the rate of HCV-RNA levels. As reported by others, we confirmed the low reliability of the research of anti-C100-3. This research is not meant to suggest the treatment reported as a therapy for the treatment of HCV infection, but data obtained may tend towards the possibility of administration of a dietary supplement such as CCEP in support of the official drug therapy of CHC in the nutritional care of HCV patients.
Effect of Oral Administration of Dietary Antioxidant Supplements in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-06-06
© Science Publishing Group
Torricelli Piera
Antonelli Francesco
Ferorelli Pasquale
De Martino Angelo
Shevchenko Anna
Beninati Simone
Effect of Oral Administration of Dietary Antioxidant Supplements in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C
3
4
141
141
2015-06-06
2015-06-06
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.12
© Science Publishing Group
Effect of Shift-Work on Hypertension Among Factory Workers in Ethiopia
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.13
Background: Shift work is associated with several health problems, possibly due to an impairment of biological rhythms. Some studies reported that changes in blood pressure regulation among shift workers could lead to chronic hypertension. So this study aimed to determine and compare the level of and risk factors for hypertension among shift and day time workers. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study of 830 current factory workers (413 shift workers and 417 day time workers) who have worked for at least five years was conducted in Wonji Shoa sugary factory, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire, and blood pressure was measured using standardized instruments by trained clinical nurses. Hypertension was defined as having Systolic BP ≥140 mmHG or Diastolic BP≥ 90mmHG or reported use of regular anti-hypertensive medications prescribed by professionals for raised BP. Multiple logistic regressions were fitted and Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify independently associated factors. Results: shift work, older age, higher income quintile, and family history of hypertension were found to be independently associated with Hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher among shift workers compared to daytime workers (42.9% versus 30.0%; p-value<0.05)). Multivariate analysis revealed the odds of being hypertensive among shift workers persists even after controlling for potential confounders including age, income, and family history of hypertension. [AOR (95% CI) = 1.48 (1.02, 2.14)]. Shift workers were also significantly more likely to be smokers compared to day-time workers (6.5 % versus 13.1 %; p-value<0.001). Conclusions: shift work, older age, higher income quintile, and family history of hypertension were found to be independently associated with Hypertension. The finding calls for institutionalization of efficient health screening and regular checkups as well as interventions promoting healthy lifestyles among shift workers.
Background: Shift work is associated with several health problems, possibly due to an impairment of biological rhythms. Some studies reported that changes in blood pressure regulation among shift workers could lead to chronic hypertension. So this study aimed to determine and compare the level of and risk factors for hypertension among shift and day time workers. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study of 830 current factory workers (413 shift workers and 417 day time workers) who have worked for at least five years was conducted in Wonji Shoa sugary factory, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire, and blood pressure was measured using standardized instruments by trained clinical nurses. Hypertension was defined as having Systolic BP ≥140 mmHG or Diastolic BP≥ 90mmHG or reported use of regular anti-hypertensive medications prescribed by professionals for raised BP. Multiple logistic regressions were fitted and Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to identify independently associated factors. Results: shift work, older age, higher income quintile, and family history of hypertension were found to be independently associated with Hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher among shift workers compared to daytime workers (42.9% versus 30.0%; p-value<0.05)). Multivariate analysis revealed the odds of being hypertensive among shift workers persists even after controlling for potential confounders including age, income, and family history of hypertension. [AOR (95% CI) = 1.48 (1.02, 2.14)]. Shift workers were also significantly more likely to be smokers compared to day-time workers (6.5 % versus 13.1 %; p-value<0.001). Conclusions: shift work, older age, higher income quintile, and family history of hypertension were found to be independently associated with Hypertension. The finding calls for institutionalization of efficient health screening and regular checkups as well as interventions promoting healthy lifestyles among shift workers.
Effect of Shift-Work on Hypertension Among Factory Workers in Ethiopia
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-06-08
© Science Publishing Group
Henok Asresahegn Asfaw
Ephrem Mamo Gebrehiwot
Solomon Shiferaw
Effect of Shift-Work on Hypertension Among Factory Workers in Ethiopia
3
4
148
148
2015-06-08
2015-06-08
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.13
© Science Publishing Group
The Levels of Troponin T in Patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.14
Introduction: The incidence of myocarditis on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still controversial because the disease was asymptomatic and definitive diagnosis only with endocardial biopsy. More specific and sensitive examination to detect the cardiac disorder is cardiac enzyme likes the level of troponin T. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the level of troponin T in patients with dengue shock syndrome (DSS) and dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock. Methods: The research conducted a cross-sectional study at Child Health Department of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, from July to October 2012. The population included children with DHF admitted to the hospital of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Ibnu Sina and Faisal Islamic. Diagnosis of DHF was established based on history taking, physical and laboratory examination. Results: There were 70 samples who met the criteria, including 35 patients of DSS and 35 patients of dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock. The level of troponin T was higher on DSS group than DHF group with the cut off point of ≥0.007 ng/ml is the best level to distinguish between dengue shock syndrome and dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock (p=0.000, sensitivity 97.1%, specificity 88.6%, positive predictive value 89.5%, negative predictive value 96.9%,OR 18.7; 95% CI 15.3–1417.5). Conclusion: The level of troponin T was higher on DSS group than dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock group because on DSS occurs to stress caused by hypoperfusion. But the level of troponin T between two groups within normal limits, not found cardiac disorder such as myocarditis on DHF.
Introduction: The incidence of myocarditis on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still controversial because the disease was asymptomatic and definitive diagnosis only with endocardial biopsy. More specific and sensitive examination to detect the cardiac disorder is cardiac enzyme likes the level of troponin T. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the level of troponin T in patients with dengue shock syndrome (DSS) and dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock. Methods: The research conducted a cross-sectional study at Child Health Department of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar, from July to October 2012. The population included children with DHF admitted to the hospital of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo, Ibnu Sina and Faisal Islamic. Diagnosis of DHF was established based on history taking, physical and laboratory examination. Results: There were 70 samples who met the criteria, including 35 patients of DSS and 35 patients of dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock. The level of troponin T was higher on DSS group than DHF group with the cut off point of ≥0.007 ng/ml is the best level to distinguish between dengue shock syndrome and dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock (p=0.000, sensitivity 97.1%, specificity 88.6%, positive predictive value 89.5%, negative predictive value 96.9%,OR 18.7; 95% CI 15.3–1417.5). Conclusion: The level of troponin T was higher on DSS group than dengue hemorrhagic fever without shock group because on DSS occurs to stress caused by hypoperfusion. But the level of troponin T between two groups within normal limits, not found cardiac disorder such as myocarditis on DHF.
The Levels of Troponin T in Patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.14
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-06-19
© Science Publishing Group
Burhanuddin Iskandar
Juherinah
Dasril Daud
Andi Dwi Bahagia Febriani
The Levels of Troponin T in Patients with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
3
4
153
153
2015-06-19
2015-06-19
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.14
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.14
© Science Publishing Group
The Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms on Clinical and Histopathology Features of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.15
Background: Nasopharyngeal malignancy is the first most common malignancy amongst in ear, nose and throat. Incidence rate was 4.7 per 100.000 or 7.000-8.000 cases per year and most of carcinoma is arising from the epithelial cells. Objective: To analyze the VEGF gene variations at +405 C/G and -460 T/C with VEGFR (Flt-4) and LMP-1 tissues expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out with explorative approached at several teaching hospitals in Makassar by Hasanuddin University Research Centre and Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology on a one-year period, from July 2006 through August 2007. The analysis covered from 90 samples of blood and 45 samples of nasopharynx tissue, consisting of 45 patients for both of the NPC and without NPC as a control. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and analyzed by PCR and direct DNA sequencing method for identifying the location of VEGF gene mutation and immunohistochemical expression of VEGFR (Flt-4) and LMP-1 were performed in 45 NPC biopsy samples with avidin-biotin method. Results: The frequencies of +405 C/G and -460 T/C were about 50%, with higher in +405 C/G (hot spot), mostly genotype variant was heterozygote (CG). Our results confirmed that untranslated and promoter region of VEGF gene were higher polymorphic. GC and CC haplotype at +405 C/G and -460 T/C of VEGF gene more susceptible to NPC compared with CT haplotype but no statistical significant. Conclusion: There were no relationships between genotype distribution and allele frequencies at VEGF gene +405 C/G, -460 T/C and -457 T/C with the NPC risk factors.
Background: Nasopharyngeal malignancy is the first most common malignancy amongst in ear, nose and throat. Incidence rate was 4.7 per 100.000 or 7.000-8.000 cases per year and most of carcinoma is arising from the epithelial cells. Objective: To analyze the VEGF gene variations at +405 C/G and -460 T/C with VEGFR (Flt-4) and LMP-1 tissues expression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out with explorative approached at several teaching hospitals in Makassar by Hasanuddin University Research Centre and Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology on a one-year period, from July 2006 through August 2007. The analysis covered from 90 samples of blood and 45 samples of nasopharynx tissue, consisting of 45 patients for both of the NPC and without NPC as a control. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and analyzed by PCR and direct DNA sequencing method for identifying the location of VEGF gene mutation and immunohistochemical expression of VEGFR (Flt-4) and LMP-1 were performed in 45 NPC biopsy samples with avidin-biotin method. Results: The frequencies of +405 C/G and -460 T/C were about 50%, with higher in +405 C/G (hot spot), mostly genotype variant was heterozygote (CG). Our results confirmed that untranslated and promoter region of VEGF gene were higher polymorphic. GC and CC haplotype at +405 C/G and -460 T/C of VEGF gene more susceptible to NPC compared with CT haplotype but no statistical significant. Conclusion: There were no relationships between genotype distribution and allele frequencies at VEGF gene +405 C/G, -460 T/C and -457 T/C with the NPC risk factors.
The Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms on Clinical and Histopathology Features of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.15
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-06-19
© Science Publishing Group
Abdul Qadar Punagi
The Analysis of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Gene Polymorphisms on Clinical and Histopathology Features of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
3
4
161
161
2015-06-19
2015-06-19
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.15
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.15
© Science Publishing Group
Atrazine Genotoxicity on Human Placental Cells
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.21
Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides. After exposure to Atrazine during pregnancy, it can be found in placental tissue. We investigated the toxic effects of different Atrazine concentrations on human cytotrophoblasts. These cells were isolated from fresh placenta and were exposed to Atrazine for 24 hours. Our results showed that very low doses of Atrazine induced apoptotic placental cell death. It decreased the relative survival of human cytotrophoblastsup to 50% of control. It significantly decreased P53 and TNF- alpha genes expression while Bcl2 gene expression was increased insignificantly. Our findings suggested that exposure of placental cells to Atrazine even in low doses causes harmful effects, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity and pregnancy loss.
Atrazine is one of the most commonly used herbicides. After exposure to Atrazine during pregnancy, it can be found in placental tissue. We investigated the toxic effects of different Atrazine concentrations on human cytotrophoblasts. These cells were isolated from fresh placenta and were exposed to Atrazine for 24 hours. Our results showed that very low doses of Atrazine induced apoptotic placental cell death. It decreased the relative survival of human cytotrophoblastsup to 50% of control. It significantly decreased P53 and TNF- alpha genes expression while Bcl2 gene expression was increased insignificantly. Our findings suggested that exposure of placental cells to Atrazine even in low doses causes harmful effects, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, prematurity and pregnancy loss.
Atrazine Genotoxicity on Human Placental Cells
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.21
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-07-15
© Science Publishing Group
Ibrahim F. S.
Ali M. M.
Issak M.
Ewaiss M.
Atrazine Genotoxicity on Human Placental Cells
3
4
199
199
2015-07-15
2015-07-15
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.21
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.21
© Science Publishing Group
The Influence of a New Uracil Derivative Carbicyl on Myocardium Bioenergetic Processes
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.16
There was carried out research concerning the following metabolic deterioration: the metabolic disorders of nicotinamide nucleotides and such macro-energy compounds as adenyl nucleotides, creatine phosphate and their metabolism enzymes in myocardium tissue in case of anthracycline-induced toxic cardiomyopathy. The results of influence of a new physiologically active compound carbicyl that possesses metabolic effect on bioenergenic processes when used in rats with anthracycline-induced heart failure are presented comparing with other cardiotonic agents of different pharmaceutical classes. This study shows that the administration of a metabolic cardiotonic agent carbicyl to the rats that suffer from adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy significantly normalizes the state of redox processes in myocardium. Carbicyl normalizes the parameters of mitochondrial function; it decreases the deterioration of energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes; carbicyl increases the content of the oxidized forms of NAD+ and NADH+ coenzymes; and it increases the level of ATP, creatine phosphate and glycogen.
There was carried out research concerning the following metabolic deterioration: the metabolic disorders of nicotinamide nucleotides and such macro-energy compounds as adenyl nucleotides, creatine phosphate and their metabolism enzymes in myocardium tissue in case of anthracycline-induced toxic cardiomyopathy. The results of influence of a new physiologically active compound carbicyl that possesses metabolic effect on bioenergenic processes when used in rats with anthracycline-induced heart failure are presented comparing with other cardiotonic agents of different pharmaceutical classes. This study shows that the administration of a metabolic cardiotonic agent carbicyl to the rats that suffer from adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy significantly normalizes the state of redox processes in myocardium. Carbicyl normalizes the parameters of mitochondrial function; it decreases the deterioration of energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes; carbicyl increases the content of the oxidized forms of NAD+ and NADH+ coenzymes; and it increases the level of ATP, creatine phosphate and glycogen.
The Influence of a New Uracil Derivative Carbicyl on Myocardium Bioenergetic Processes
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.16
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-06-25
© Science Publishing Group
Iryna Nizhenkovska
The Influence of a New Uracil Derivative Carbicyl on Myocardium Bioenergetic Processes
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166
166
2015-06-25
2015-06-25
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.16
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.16
© Science Publishing Group
The Analysis of the Mycobacterium Leprae Resistance Against Ofloxacin After the Rifampicin Ofloxacin Minocycline (ROM) Therapy
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.17
Background: This reserach aimed to determine the correlation between the morphology index and IgM anti PGL-1, and the mutations in gyrA genes in order to detect ofloxacin resistance in the patients with multibacillary (MB) leprosy. Methods: This research was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital and its network hospitals in Makassar using the cohort retrospective design. The research sample comprised 21 patients with MB leprosy who had completed the ROM treatment regimens, and whose bacterial index (BI), morphology index (MI), IgM anti PGL-1 antibody, PCR, and sequencing, skin lesion number, and treatment regularity had been examined. Result: The research revealed that all the samples did not undergo any mutations of the gyrA genes which was responsible for the ofloxacin resistance; however, there was a correlation between BI and the IgM anti PGL-1 antibody, and between IgM anti PGL-1 antibody and the number of the skin lesions. Conclusions: There was no samples found to undergo the mutations of gyrA genes, this could be used as the reference to assess the correlation between the morphology index and the IgM anti PGL-1 antibody with the mutations of the gyrA genes.
Background: This reserach aimed to determine the correlation between the morphology index and IgM anti PGL-1, and the mutations in gyrA genes in order to detect ofloxacin resistance in the patients with multibacillary (MB) leprosy. Methods: This research was conducted in Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital and its network hospitals in Makassar using the cohort retrospective design. The research sample comprised 21 patients with MB leprosy who had completed the ROM treatment regimens, and whose bacterial index (BI), morphology index (MI), IgM anti PGL-1 antibody, PCR, and sequencing, skin lesion number, and treatment regularity had been examined. Result: The research revealed that all the samples did not undergo any mutations of the gyrA genes which was responsible for the ofloxacin resistance; however, there was a correlation between BI and the IgM anti PGL-1 antibody, and between IgM anti PGL-1 antibody and the number of the skin lesions. Conclusions: There was no samples found to undergo the mutations of gyrA genes, this could be used as the reference to assess the correlation between the morphology index and the IgM anti PGL-1 antibody with the mutations of the gyrA genes.
The Analysis of the Mycobacterium Leprae Resistance Against Ofloxacin After the Rifampicin Ofloxacin Minocycline (ROM) Therapy
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.17
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-06-25
© Science Publishing Group
Arif Risdianto Karim
Muh Dali Amiruddin
Farida Tabri
R. Satriono
Mochammad Hatta
Marianti Manggau
The Analysis of the Mycobacterium Leprae Resistance Against Ofloxacin After the Rifampicin Ofloxacin Minocycline (ROM) Therapy
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171
171
2015-06-25
2015-06-25
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.17
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.17
© Science Publishing Group
Pathological Findings and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of MMP-2 and TIMPs in Equine Fetlock Affected by Degenerative Joint Disease
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.18
Background: MMP-2 and MMP-9 are proteolytic enzymes involved in the remodeling of extracellular matrix and regulated in their function by a family of proteins called TIMPs. MMP-2 and MMP-9 and TIMPs are secreted in joints by both synovial cells and chondrocytes, and are implicated in osteoarthritis onset and progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of MMP-2 and TIMPs expression and their relationship in the synovial membrane of equine fetlock (metacarpo-phalangeal joint), which is the joint most frequently affected by osteoarthritis due to his high weight-bearing impact and shearing forces. Method: This study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs) in synovial membrane sections from 40 equine metacarpo-phalangeal joints affected by osteoarthritis in order to better assess their role in the pathogenesis of joint-structure alterations. Immunohistochemical study was performed using the Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase complex method, and the percentage of labeled cells was assessed semi-quantitatively. Data obtained were statistically revised through the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: MMP-2 and TIMPs were expressed by type-B synoviocytes and endothelial cells. MMP-2 expression was not significantly associated to the macroscopic findings while a linear correlation between MMP-2 and TIMPs expression was observed. Conclusion: These data suggest that in degenerative joint disease the synovial expression of TIMPs may contribute to the regulation of MMP-2 expression in order to reach a new dynamic balance and that MMP-2 plays an important pro-homeostatic role in physiological and pathological equine synovial membrane.
Background: MMP-2 and MMP-9 are proteolytic enzymes involved in the remodeling of extracellular matrix and regulated in their function by a family of proteins called TIMPs. MMP-2 and MMP-9 and TIMPs are secreted in joints by both synovial cells and chondrocytes, and are implicated in osteoarthritis onset and progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the localization of MMP-2 and TIMPs expression and their relationship in the synovial membrane of equine fetlock (metacarpo-phalangeal joint), which is the joint most frequently affected by osteoarthritis due to his high weight-bearing impact and shearing forces. Method: This study analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of MMP-2 and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs) in synovial membrane sections from 40 equine metacarpo-phalangeal joints affected by osteoarthritis in order to better assess their role in the pathogenesis of joint-structure alterations. Immunohistochemical study was performed using the Avidin-Biotin-Peroxidase complex method, and the percentage of labeled cells was assessed semi-quantitatively. Data obtained were statistically revised through the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: MMP-2 and TIMPs were expressed by type-B synoviocytes and endothelial cells. MMP-2 expression was not significantly associated to the macroscopic findings while a linear correlation between MMP-2 and TIMPs expression was observed. Conclusion: These data suggest that in degenerative joint disease the synovial expression of TIMPs may contribute to the regulation of MMP-2 expression in order to reach a new dynamic balance and that MMP-2 plays an important pro-homeostatic role in physiological and pathological equine synovial membrane.
Pathological Findings and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of MMP-2 and TIMPs in Equine Fetlock Affected by Degenerative Joint Disease
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.18
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-06-25
© Science Publishing Group
Redento Mora
Diana Binanti
Nicoletta Mora
Eleonora Fantinato
Valentina Ferrante
Luisella Pedrotti
Pietro Riccaboni
Pathological Findings and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of MMP-2 and TIMPs in Equine Fetlock Affected by Degenerative Joint Disease
3
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177
177
2015-06-25
2015-06-25
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.18
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.18
© Science Publishing Group
Clinical Trials of New Drug Products: What Gets Compared to Whom
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.19
Two of the most controversial aspects of phase III clinical trial design are the choice of the control group(s) and the choice of the outcome variable(s). Each of these choices has overlapping scientific and ethical ramifications, and the tension between maximizing scientific validity on the one hand, and protecting the rights and welfare of the human participants in the trial on the other, is the main source of the controversy. The intensity of the debate is increased whenever these choices are motivated not by scientific or ethical principles, but are driven by conflicts of interest. And so it comes to pass that in testing the safety and efficacy of new drug products, when study design choices are made more to achieve rapid market approval than to accurately assess safety and efficacy, thereby putting the welfare of both the trial participants and future patients at risk, the public and its advocates will recoil. In this paper, we study two issues of this kind: the use of placebo controls when an established intervention for the condition under consideration exists, and the use of surrogate outcome measures. There is a rich and growing literature on both of these topics and we will have little to contribute to a greater theoretical understanding of either of them. Our aim is to point to the ethical ramifications of these choices in the context of clinical trials of new drug products, and to suggest how these choices may be better made to serve public health interests. What is to come is portended by the observation that, “In the United States, the long tradition of leaving to the pharmaceutical industry the task of evaluating the efficacy and safety of its products has permitted manufacturers to make study design choices that largely determine the shape of the answers eventually provided by the trials” (Psaty and Weiss, 2007, p. 330).
Two of the most controversial aspects of phase III clinical trial design are the choice of the control group(s) and the choice of the outcome variable(s). Each of these choices has overlapping scientific and ethical ramifications, and the tension between maximizing scientific validity on the one hand, and protecting the rights and welfare of the human participants in the trial on the other, is the main source of the controversy. The intensity of the debate is increased whenever these choices are motivated not by scientific or ethical principles, but are driven by conflicts of interest. And so it comes to pass that in testing the safety and efficacy of new drug products, when study design choices are made more to achieve rapid market approval than to accurately assess safety and efficacy, thereby putting the welfare of both the trial participants and future patients at risk, the public and its advocates will recoil. In this paper, we study two issues of this kind: the use of placebo controls when an established intervention for the condition under consideration exists, and the use of surrogate outcome measures. There is a rich and growing literature on both of these topics and we will have little to contribute to a greater theoretical understanding of either of them. Our aim is to point to the ethical ramifications of these choices in the context of clinical trials of new drug products, and to suggest how these choices may be better made to serve public health interests. What is to come is portended by the observation that, “In the United States, the long tradition of leaving to the pharmaceutical industry the task of evaluating the efficacy and safety of its products has permitted manufacturers to make study design choices that largely determine the shape of the answers eventually provided by the trials” (Psaty and Weiss, 2007, p. 330).
Clinical Trials of New Drug Products: What Gets Compared to Whom
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.19
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-07-03
© Science Publishing Group
Charles Joseph Kowalski
Adam Joel Mrdjenovich
Clinical Trials of New Drug Products: What Gets Compared to Whom
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188
188
2015-07-03
2015-07-03
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.19
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.19
© Science Publishing Group
The Effect of Curcumin on the Acute Wound Healing of Mice
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.20
Background: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of curcumin 0.5% and 5% by Natrium Chloride (NaCl) 0.9% in the acute wound healing of mice. Methods: This study was conducted at the Animal Laboratory and at the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty Hasanuddin University in Makassar, by using an experimental study. The samples consisted of 30 mice observed by the change of clinical and histopathological manifestations. Result: The study reveal that there was no significant difference between the application of curcumin 5% and Natrium Chloride 0.9% in the healing wound. After seven days the length of significant reepithelization was p=0.026 between curcumin 0.5% and Natrium Chloride 0.9%. After the seventh day of treatment the density of polymorpho nuclear (PMN) and macrophages was not significant (p<0.05) in all three groups. Statistically, the thickness of fibroblast was significant, between Natrium Chloride 0.9% and curcumin 0.5% (p=0.049), curcumin 5% (p=0.006) after the treatment on day seven. Conclusions: The use of application topical curcumin is not better than the NaCl 0.9% in acute wound healing in mice.
Background: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of curcumin 0.5% and 5% by Natrium Chloride (NaCl) 0.9% in the acute wound healing of mice. Methods: This study was conducted at the Animal Laboratory and at the Department of Anatomical Pathology, Medical Faculty Hasanuddin University in Makassar, by using an experimental study. The samples consisted of 30 mice observed by the change of clinical and histopathological manifestations. Result: The study reveal that there was no significant difference between the application of curcumin 5% and Natrium Chloride 0.9% in the healing wound. After seven days the length of significant reepithelization was p=0.026 between curcumin 0.5% and Natrium Chloride 0.9%. After the seventh day of treatment the density of polymorpho nuclear (PMN) and macrophages was not significant (p<0.05) in all three groups. Statistically, the thickness of fibroblast was significant, between Natrium Chloride 0.9% and curcumin 0.5% (p=0.049), curcumin 5% (p=0.006) after the treatment on day seven. Conclusions: The use of application topical curcumin is not better than the NaCl 0.9% in acute wound healing in mice.
The Effect of Curcumin on the Acute Wound Healing of Mice
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.20
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-07-07
© Science Publishing Group
Armansjah Dara Sjahruddin
Anis IrawanAnwar
Farida Tabri
Khairuddin Djawad
Dasril Daud
Gemini Alam
The Effect of Curcumin on the Acute Wound Healing of Mice
3
4
193
193
2015-07-07
2015-07-07
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.20
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150304.20
© Science Publishing Group
Reduction of Vertical Transmission of HIV Through the Use of Mother Buddies in Plateau and Kaduna States of Nigeria
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.11
Background. Nigeria has the second largest number of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the world. In 2009, of 27,870 Nigerian infants exposed to HIV, only 15,785 were on antiretroviral prophylaxis and 32% of the HIV-positive women received ARVs.It is now possible to reduce the rate of HIV transmission from HIV-infected mothers to their infants to less than 2%. While achievements in Prevention of Parent-To-Child Transmission (PPTCT) of HIV programmes or Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programmes are dramatic, these programmes need to be further improved and sustained. Methods. We developed “mother buddies” to improve access to PPTCT services in three underserved local government areas with 15 communities of Plateau and Kaduna States of Northern Nigeria in keeping with Dzama and Deakin’s pilot study in Malawi. Mother buddies are HIV-positive mothers who use Mobile Interactions bringing Hope (Mihope) phones to provide one-to-one life-saving support to vulnerable pregnant women and their families during pregnancy and for 6 months after child birth. The programme was implemented from October 2013 to March 2015.Life-saving support included information on HIV, PPTCT, family planning, Sexually Transmitted Infections, increasing male partners involvement and Antiretroviral(ARVs). Educational topics included the importance of attending antenatal clinic (ANC) before delivery, healthy diet patterns, partner testing for HIV, syphilis testing and malaria prophylaxis. Results. All education and support was accomplished on a one-on-one basis, thereby increasing knowledge, changing attitudes and practice. It also promoted health seeking behavior that improved access and uptake for PMTCT services in these rural areas. Of the 97 HIV--positive women, 64 gave birth safely and the babies received PPTCT/PMTCT Interventions. Forty-seven babies tested negative to two DNA PCR tests at 6 weeks after delivery and 6 weeks after cessation of breast milk feeding, while 17 babies tested negative to first DNA PCR, and were awaiting second DNA PCR after 6 weeks of cessation of breast feeding at the time of this analysis. Conclusions. Despite logistical challenges, security concerns and project design limitations, “Mother buddies” demonstrated the capacity to increase access to PPTCT/PMTCT services in hard to reach and underserved communities with great impact/outcomes.
Background. Nigeria has the second largest number of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in the world. In 2009, of 27,870 Nigerian infants exposed to HIV, only 15,785 were on antiretroviral prophylaxis and 32% of the HIV-positive women received ARVs.It is now possible to reduce the rate of HIV transmission from HIV-infected mothers to their infants to less than 2%. While achievements in Prevention of Parent-To-Child Transmission (PPTCT) of HIV programmes or Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV programmes are dramatic, these programmes need to be further improved and sustained. Methods. We developed “mother buddies” to improve access to PPTCT services in three underserved local government areas with 15 communities of Plateau and Kaduna States of Northern Nigeria in keeping with Dzama and Deakin’s pilot study in Malawi. Mother buddies are HIV-positive mothers who use Mobile Interactions bringing Hope (Mihope) phones to provide one-to-one life-saving support to vulnerable pregnant women and their families during pregnancy and for 6 months after child birth. The programme was implemented from October 2013 to March 2015.Life-saving support included information on HIV, PPTCT, family planning, Sexually Transmitted Infections, increasing male partners involvement and Antiretroviral(ARVs). Educational topics included the importance of attending antenatal clinic (ANC) before delivery, healthy diet patterns, partner testing for HIV, syphilis testing and malaria prophylaxis. Results. All education and support was accomplished on a one-on-one basis, thereby increasing knowledge, changing attitudes and practice. It also promoted health seeking behavior that improved access and uptake for PMTCT services in these rural areas. Of the 97 HIV--positive women, 64 gave birth safely and the babies received PPTCT/PMTCT Interventions. Forty-seven babies tested negative to two DNA PCR tests at 6 weeks after delivery and 6 weeks after cessation of breast milk feeding, while 17 babies tested negative to first DNA PCR, and were awaiting second DNA PCR after 6 weeks of cessation of breast feeding at the time of this analysis. Conclusions. Despite logistical challenges, security concerns and project design limitations, “Mother buddies” demonstrated the capacity to increase access to PPTCT/PMTCT services in hard to reach and underserved communities with great impact/outcomes.
Reduction of Vertical Transmission of HIV Through the Use of Mother Buddies in Plateau and Kaduna States of Nigeria
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-08-06
© Science Publishing Group
Christian Ogoegbunem Isichei
David Deakin
Danladi Musa
Paul Mershak
Caroline Onwuezobe
Martha Nyam
Jane Nwoke
Reduction of Vertical Transmission of HIV Through the Use of Mother Buddies in Plateau and Kaduna States of Nigeria
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5
206
206
2015-08-06
2015-08-06
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.11
© Science Publishing Group
Thyroid Functions and Thyroid Auto-Antibodies in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Study from Bangladesh
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.12
Background: Thyroid dysfunction may be associated in pediatric SLE cases and may present as euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, hypothyroid or hyperthyroid states. Aim of this study was to assess thyroid functions (serum T3, T4, TSH) and thyroid antibodies (anti-thyroid Peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin) in pediatric SLE patients. Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Pediatric SLE (pSLE) patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1997 revised classification criteria for SLE were enrolled in this study. Sixteen apparently healthy children were enrolled in the study as reference group. Disease activity was measured by systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI). Serum T3, T4, TSH and auto-antibodies including, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti- thyroglobulin (anti-TG) were measured by radio-immuno assay (RIA) method in the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, BSMMU, Dhaka. Data were analyzed by SPSS for window version 16 which included descriptive statistics, Man-Whitney test and Fisher exact test. Results: Among a total number of 50 pSLE cases, 41 (82%) cases had euthyroid state, 4 had subclinical hypothyroidism, 3 had hypothyroidism and 2 patients had euthyroid sick syndrome. All the cases of reference group were in euthyroid state. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody was positive in 24 pSLE cases and anti-thyroglobulin (TG) antibody was positive in 16 patients. Thyroid disorder was present in 9 cases and 7 of them had positive anti-TPO antibody. Conclusion: Thyroid disorders and presence of thyroid auto antibodies were common in pSLE patients. Anti-TPO positivity was more common than Anti-TG positivity
Background: Thyroid dysfunction may be associated in pediatric SLE cases and may present as euthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, hypothyroid or hyperthyroid states. Aim of this study was to assess thyroid functions (serum T3, T4, TSH) and thyroid antibodies (anti-thyroid Peroxidase and anti-thyroglobulin) in pediatric SLE patients. Methods: It was a cross sectional study. Pediatric SLE (pSLE) patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology 1997 revised classification criteria for SLE were enrolled in this study. Sixteen apparently healthy children were enrolled in the study as reference group. Disease activity was measured by systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI). Serum T3, T4, TSH and auto-antibodies including, anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) and anti- thyroglobulin (anti-TG) were measured by radio-immuno assay (RIA) method in the National Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, BSMMU, Dhaka. Data were analyzed by SPSS for window version 16 which included descriptive statistics, Man-Whitney test and Fisher exact test. Results: Among a total number of 50 pSLE cases, 41 (82%) cases had euthyroid state, 4 had subclinical hypothyroidism, 3 had hypothyroidism and 2 patients had euthyroid sick syndrome. All the cases of reference group were in euthyroid state. Anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody was positive in 24 pSLE cases and anti-thyroglobulin (TG) antibody was positive in 16 patients. Thyroid disorder was present in 9 cases and 7 of them had positive anti-TPO antibody. Conclusion: Thyroid disorders and presence of thyroid auto antibodies were common in pSLE patients. Anti-TPO positivity was more common than Anti-TG positivity
Thyroid Functions and Thyroid Auto-Antibodies in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Study from Bangladesh
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-08-22
© Science Publishing Group
Satya Narayan Chaudhary
Shahana Akther Rahman
Mohammad Imnul Islam
Suraiya Begum
Manik Kumar Talukdar
Md Israque Hossain Ansari
Mizanul Hasan
Thyroid Functions and Thyroid Auto-Antibodies in Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Study from Bangladesh
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5
212
212
2015-08-22
2015-08-22
10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.20150305.12
© Science Publishing Group
Biologically Potential for Pharmacologicals and Phytochemicals of Medicinal Plants of Colocasia esculenta: A Comprehensive Review
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.12
Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott of the family Araceae is an herbaceous perennial plant cultivated as annuals. Local name of C. esculenta is Kochu in Bangladesh and Taro in India. C. esculenta (L) is an ancient crop grown throughout the humid tropics and is widely used throughout the world; Africa, Asia, the West Indies, and South America. Its edible corms and leaves are traditionally used for hepatic ailments. Juice obtained from stems. Schott is used to stop bleeding from cuts and Wounds. The young leaves and roots are rich in Vitamin C as well as starch. It contains calcium, phosphorours, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, oxalic acid, calcium oxalate, sapotoxin and flavones, apigenin and luteolin. The biological properties as well as chemical constituents of plant C. esculenta were widely used in folk medicine. In traditional medicine, C. esculenta is used as Anti microbial, Antihepatotoxic, Anti-cancer, Anti-Lipidperoxidative, Antibacterial and Antifungal, Antidiabetic, Anti-melanogenic, Anthelmintic. In present study, C. esculenta shows potent pharmacological activity such as Antimicrobial, Antihepatotoxic, Anti-cancer, Anti-Lipidperoxidative, antibacterial and Antifungal, Antidiabetic, Anti-melanogenic, Anthelmintic. Due to present of several potential chemical constituents it may use in several disease conditions for the future treatment.
Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott of the family Araceae is an herbaceous perennial plant cultivated as annuals. Local name of C. esculenta is Kochu in Bangladesh and Taro in India. C. esculenta (L) is an ancient crop grown throughout the humid tropics and is widely used throughout the world; Africa, Asia, the West Indies, and South America. Its edible corms and leaves are traditionally used for hepatic ailments. Juice obtained from stems. Schott is used to stop bleeding from cuts and Wounds. The young leaves and roots are rich in Vitamin C as well as starch. It contains calcium, phosphorours, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, oxalic acid, calcium oxalate, sapotoxin and flavones, apigenin and luteolin. The biological properties as well as chemical constituents of plant C. esculenta were widely used in folk medicine. In traditional medicine, C. esculenta is used as Anti microbial, Antihepatotoxic, Anti-cancer, Anti-Lipidperoxidative, Antibacterial and Antifungal, Antidiabetic, Anti-melanogenic, Anthelmintic. In present study, C. esculenta shows potent pharmacological activity such as Antimicrobial, Antihepatotoxic, Anti-cancer, Anti-Lipidperoxidative, antibacterial and Antifungal, Antidiabetic, Anti-melanogenic, Anthelmintic. Due to present of several potential chemical constituents it may use in several disease conditions for the future treatment.
Biologically Potential for Pharmacologicals and Phytochemicals of Medicinal Plants of Colocasia esculenta: A Comprehensive Review
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.12
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-07-15
© Science Publishing Group
Md. Reyad-ul-Ferdous
Md. Saiful Islam Arman
Md. Munirul Islam Tanvir
Shamsunnahar Sumi
Kazi Md. Mostafizur Rahman Siddique
Md. Mustahsan Billah
Md. Siddiqul Islam
Biologically Potential for Pharmacologicals and Phytochemicals of Medicinal Plants of Colocasia esculenta: A Comprehensive Review
3
5
11
11
2015-07-15
2015-07-15
10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.12
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.12
© Science Publishing Group
Potential Ex-vivo Anti-inflammatory, Cardioprotective Properties and Phytochemical Properties of Leaves of Mussaenda Roxburghii Hook
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.11
Background: mussaenda roxburghii hook. Belongs to family rubiaceae, is a perennial shrub moist area of valley and grows in the foothills. Objective: the present investigation was carried out to phytochemicals and pharmacological activity such anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective properties of methanolic crude extract & its fractions such as dcm extract (fraction 1), ethyl acetate extract (fraction2). Materials and methods: residual methanolic extract (fraction 3) of mussaenda roxburghii leaves which were obtained by solvent-solvent extraction process from crude methanolic extract of mussaenda roxburghii. Anti-inflammatory activity was measured by observing the mean inhibition of protein denaturation. Cardioprotective activity was evaluated by thrombolytic assay. Phytochemical screenings have done by using usual procedures. Results: an ex-vivo anti-inflammatory test demonstrated that; mean inhibition of protein denaturation 0f 1000/kg of crude methanolic extract of leave of m. Roxburghii was 17.399%. Cardioprotective properties of different extracts of m. Roxburghii was demonstrated which revealed that after treatment of clot with mother methanolic extract, dcm extract (fraction 1), ethyl acetate extract (fraction 2), residual methanolic extract (fraction3) of leaves and methanolic extract of root % clot lysis was 30.56%,27.61%,46.35%,26.02%,49.90 % respectively. Different tests with crude extracts showed that different types of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins were present in the leaves of m. Roxburghii. Conclusion: in these investigations demonstrates that different extracts of m. Roxburghii has significant pharmacological activities.
Background: mussaenda roxburghii hook. Belongs to family rubiaceae, is a perennial shrub moist area of valley and grows in the foothills. Objective: the present investigation was carried out to phytochemicals and pharmacological activity such anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective properties of methanolic crude extract & its fractions such as dcm extract (fraction 1), ethyl acetate extract (fraction2). Materials and methods: residual methanolic extract (fraction 3) of mussaenda roxburghii leaves which were obtained by solvent-solvent extraction process from crude methanolic extract of mussaenda roxburghii. Anti-inflammatory activity was measured by observing the mean inhibition of protein denaturation. Cardioprotective activity was evaluated by thrombolytic assay. Phytochemical screenings have done by using usual procedures. Results: an ex-vivo anti-inflammatory test demonstrated that; mean inhibition of protein denaturation 0f 1000/kg of crude methanolic extract of leave of m. Roxburghii was 17.399%. Cardioprotective properties of different extracts of m. Roxburghii was demonstrated which revealed that after treatment of clot with mother methanolic extract, dcm extract (fraction 1), ethyl acetate extract (fraction 2), residual methanolic extract (fraction3) of leaves and methanolic extract of root % clot lysis was 30.56%,27.61%,46.35%,26.02%,49.90 % respectively. Different tests with crude extracts showed that different types of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins were present in the leaves of m. Roxburghii. Conclusion: in these investigations demonstrates that different extracts of m. Roxburghii has significant pharmacological activities.
Potential Ex-vivo Anti-inflammatory, Cardioprotective Properties and Phytochemical Properties of Leaves of Mussaenda Roxburghii Hook
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.11
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-07-15
© Science Publishing Group
Farzana Akther Sumi
Biswajit Sikder
Prawej Ansari
Md. Reyad-ul- Ferdous
Anaytulla
Mustafe Khalid Mohamed
Md. Mustarek Uddin Meemo
Potential Ex-vivo Anti-inflammatory, Cardioprotective Properties and Phytochemical Properties of Leaves of Mussaenda Roxburghii Hook
3
5
6
6
2015-07-15
2015-07-15
10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.11
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.11
© Science Publishing Group
Present Biological Status of Potential Medicinal Plant of Amaranthus viridis: A Comprehensive Review
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.13
Amaranthus viridis L. belongs to family (Amaranthaceae) commonly known as “Chowlai” is a common wild vegetable and weed of cultivation. A. viridis contains several compounds like amino acids lysine, arginine, histidine, cystine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine, tyrosine etc. In search of new activities chemical entities, pytochemical screening of the extract from leaves of A. vilidis L. indicates the presence of biologically active constituent: saponins, tannins and phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, steroid and triterpenoids. A. vilidis L have some chemical constituent that exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antiulcer antiallergic, antiviral actions. A. viridis used in Indian and Nepalese traditional system to reduce labour pain and act an antipyretic. The Negritos of the Philippines apply the bruised leaves directly to eczema, psoriasis and rashes etc. Other traditional uses range from an anti-inflammatory agent of the urinary tract, venereal diseases vermifuge, diuretic, anti-rheumatic, antiulcer, analgesic, antiemetic, laxative, improvement of appetite, antilep-rotic, treatment of respiratory and eye problems , to treatment of asthma.
Amaranthus viridis L. belongs to family (Amaranthaceae) commonly known as “Chowlai” is a common wild vegetable and weed of cultivation. A. viridis contains several compounds like amino acids lysine, arginine, histidine, cystine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine, tyrosine etc. In search of new activities chemical entities, pytochemical screening of the extract from leaves of A. vilidis L. indicates the presence of biologically active constituent: saponins, tannins and phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, cardiac glycoside, steroid and triterpenoids. A. vilidis L have some chemical constituent that exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, antihepatotoxic, antiulcer antiallergic, antiviral actions. A. viridis used in Indian and Nepalese traditional system to reduce labour pain and act an antipyretic. The Negritos of the Philippines apply the bruised leaves directly to eczema, psoriasis and rashes etc. Other traditional uses range from an anti-inflammatory agent of the urinary tract, venereal diseases vermifuge, diuretic, anti-rheumatic, antiulcer, analgesic, antiemetic, laxative, improvement of appetite, antilep-rotic, treatment of respiratory and eye problems , to treatment of asthma.
Present Biological Status of Potential Medicinal Plant of Amaranthus viridis: A Comprehensive Review
doi:10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.13
American Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
2015-07-23
© Science Publishing Group
Md. Reyad-ul-Ferdous
D. M. Shamim Shahjahan
Sharif Tanvir
Mohsina Mukti
Present Biological Status of Potential Medicinal Plant of Amaranthus viridis: A Comprehensive Review
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5
17
17
2015-07-23
2015-07-23
10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.13
http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/journal/paperinfo.aspx?journalid=254&doi=10.11648/j.ajcem.s.2015030501.13
© Science Publishing Group